References

Abbasi, Sajjad, Behnam Keshavarzi, Farid Moore, Andrew Turner, Frank J. Kelly, Ana Oliete Dominguez, and Neemat Jaafarzadeh. 2019. “Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran.”  Environmental Pollution 244:153-164. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.039.

Accorsi, Riccardo, Lorenzo Versari, and Riccardo Manzini. 2015. “Glass vs. Plastic: Life Cycle Assessment of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Bottles across Global Supply Chains.”  Sustainability 7 (3):2818-2840.

Adam, Véronique, Alex von Wyl, and Bernd Nowack. 2021. “Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of microplastics in marine habitats.”  Aquatic Toxicology 230:105689. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105689.

Adomat, Yasmin, and Thomas Grischek. 2021. “Sampling and processing methods of microplastics in river sediments – A review.”  Science of The Total Environment 758:143691. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143691.

Ahmad, T., K. Ahmad, and M. Alam. 2016. “Sustainable management of water treatment sludge through 3‘R’ concept.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 124:1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.073.

Akhbarizadeh, Razegheh, Sina Dobaradaran, Iraj Nabipour, Saeed Tajbakhsh, Amir Hossein Darabi, and Jörg Spitz. 2020. “Abundance, composition, and potential intake of microplastics in canned fish.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 160:111633. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111633.

Akhbarizadeh, Razegheh, Sina Dobaradaran, Iraj Nabipour, Mahbubeh Tangestani, Delaram Abedi, Fatemeh Javanfekr, Faezeh Jeddi, and Atefeh Zendehboodi. 2021. “Abandoned Covid-19 personal protective equipment along the Bushehr shores, the Persian Gulf: An emerging source of secondary microplastics in coastlines.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 168:112386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112386.

Akhbarizadeh, Razegheh, Farid Moore, and Behnam Keshavarzi. 2018. “Investigating a probable relationship between microplastics and potentially toxic elements in fish muscles from northeast of Persian Gulf.”  Environmental Pollution 232:154-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.028.

Akiyama, Yoshitake, Takatoshi Egawa, Kiyoshi Koyano, and Hiroshi Moriwaki. 2020. “Acoustic focusing of microplastics in microchannels: A promising continuous collection approach.”  Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 304:127328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.127328.

Al-Jaibachi, R., R. N. Cuthbert, and A. Callaghan. 2019. “Examining effects of ontogenic microplastic transference on Culex mosquito mortality and adult weight.”  Science of the Total Environment 651 (Pt 1):871-876. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.236.

Al-Salem, S. M., P. Lettieri, and J. Baeyens. 2009. “Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review.”  Waste Management 29 (10):2625-2643. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.004.

Aleut Community of St. Paul Island. 2021. “Alaĝ​um kanuux̂.” Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, accessed 14 October, 2022. https://www.aleut.com/prime/.

Ali, Imran, Tengda Ding, Changsheng Peng, Iffat Naz, Huibin Sun, Juying Li, and Jingfu Liu. 2021. “Micro- and nanoplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, removal, fate, impacts and remediation technologies – A critical review.”  Chemical Engineering Journal 423:130205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130205.

Alimba, Chibuisi Gideon, and Caterina Faggio. 2019. “Microplastics in the marine environment: Current trends in environmental pollution and mechanisms of toxicological profile.”  Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 68:61-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.001.

Alimi, Olubukola S., Jeffrey Farner Budarz, Laura M. Hernandez, and Nathalie Tufenkji. 2018. “Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Aggregation, Deposition, and Enhanced Contaminant Transport.”  Environmental Science & Technology 52 (4):1704-1724. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05559.

Allen, Steve, Deonie Allen, Samaneh Karbalaei, Vittorio Maselli, and Tony R. Walker. 2022. “Micro(nano)plastics sources, fate, and effects: What we know after ten years of research.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 6:100057. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100057.

Allen, Steve, Deonie Allen, Kerry Moss, Gaël Le Roux, Vernon R. Phoenix, and Jeroen E. Sonke. 2020. “Examination of the ocean as a source for atmospheric microplastics.”  PLOS ONE 15 (5):e0232746. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232746.

Allen, Steve, Deonie Allen, Vernon R. Phoenix, Gaël Le Roux, Pilar Durántez Jiménez, Anaëlle Simonneau, Stéphane Binet, and Didier Galop. 2019. “Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment.”  Nature Geoscience 12 (5):339-344. doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0335-5.

Amaral-Zettler, Linda A., Erik R. Zettler, and Tracy J. Mincer. 2020. “Ecology of the plastisphere.”  Nature Reviews Microbiology 18 (3):139-151. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0308-0.

Amato-Lourenço, Luís Fernando, Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira, Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior, Luciana dos Santos Galvão, Rômulo Augusto Ando, and Thais Mauad. 2021. “Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 416:126124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124.

Amelia, Tan Suet May, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Meng Chuan Ong, Yi Ta Shao, Hui-Juan Pan, and Kesaven Bhubalan. 2021. “Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans.”  Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 8 (1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40645-020-00405-4.

Amélineau, Françoise, D. Bonnet, Olivier Heitz, Valentine Mortreux, Ann Harding, Nina Karnovsky, Wojciech Walkusz, Jérôme Fort, and David Grémillet. 2016. “Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds.”  Environmental Pollution 219:1131-1139. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.017.

Andrady, Anthony L. 2011. “Microplastics in the marine environment.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 (8):1596-1605. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030.

Antunes, J. C., J. G. L. Frias, A. C. Micaelo, and P. Sobral. 2013. “Resin pellets from beaches of the Portuguese coast and adsorbed persistent organic pollutants.”  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 130:62-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.06.016.

Arola, Kimmo, Bart Van der Bruggen, Mika Mänttäri, and Mari Kallioinen. 2019. “Treatment options for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis concentrates from municipal wastewater treatment: A review.”  Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49 (22):2049-2116. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2019.1594519.

ASCE. 2021. “Report card for America’s infrastructure.” American Society of Civil Engineers, accessed May 11, 2022. https://infrastructurereportcard.org/.

Ašmonaitė, Giedrė, and Bethanie Carney Almroth. 2019. “Effects of microplastics on organisms and impacts on the environment : Balancing the known and unknown.”

ASTM. 2020a. “Standard practice for collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids for identification and quantification of microplastic particles and fibers. ASTM D8332-20.” ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/d8332-20.html.

ASTM. 2020b. “Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers Using Raman Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, or Pyrolysis-GC/MS. ASTM D8333-20 “. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. http://10.1520/D8333-20.

ASTM. 2021. “Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification. ASTM D7611/D7611M-2.” West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/d7611_d7611m-21.html.

Athey, Samantha N., Samantha D. Albotra, Cessely A. Gordon, Bonnie Monteleone, Pamela Seaton, Anthony L. Andrady, Alison R. Taylor, and Susanne M. Brander. 2020. “Trophic transfer of microplastics in an estuarine food chain and the effects of a sorbed legacy pollutant.”  Limnology and Oceanography Letters 5 (1):154-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10130.

Au, Sarah Y, Cindy M Lee, John E Weinstein, Peter van den Hurk, and Stephen J Klaine. 2017. “Trophic transfer of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Identifying critical research needs.”  Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 13 (3):505-509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1907.

Au, Sarah Y., Terri F. Bruce, William C. Bridges, and Stephen J. Klaine. 2015. “Responses of Hyalella azteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34 (11):2564-2572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3093.

Auta, H. S., C. U. Emenike, and S. H. Fauziah. 2017. “Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions.”  Environment International 102:165-176. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.013.

Awoyera, P. O., and A. Adesina. 2020. “Plastic wastes to construction products: Status, limitations and future perspective.”  Case Studies in Construction Materials 12:e00330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00330.

Azeem, Imran, Muhammad Adeel, Muhammad Arslan Ahmad, Noman Shakoor, Gama Dingba Jiangcuo, Kamran Azeem, Muhammad Ishfaq, Awais Shakoor, Muhammad Ayaz, Ming Xu, and Yukui Rui. 2021. “Uptake and Accumulation of Nano/Microplastics in Plants: A Critical Review.”  Nanomaterials 11 (11):2935.

Azzarello, M. Y., and E. S. VanVleet. 1987. “Marine birds and plastic pollution.”  Marine Ecology Progress Series 37 (2-3):295-303. doi: 10.3354/meps03729.

Baechler, Britta R., Cheyenne D. Stienbarger, Dorothy A. Horn, Jincy Joseph, Alison R. Taylor, Elise F. Granek, and Susanne M. Brander. 2020. “Microplastic occurrence and effects in commercially harvested North American finfish and shellfish: Current knowledge and future directions.”  Limnology and Oceanography Letters 5 (1):113-136. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10122.

Baensch-Baltruschat, Beate, Birgit Kocher, Friederike Stock, and Georg Reifferscheid. 2020. “Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) – A review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment.”  Science of The Total Environment 733:137823. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137823.

Bailey, Kendi, Karli Sipps, Grace K. Saba, Georgia Arbuckle-Keil, Robert J. Chant, and N. L. Fahrenfeld. 2021. “Quantification and composition of microplastics in the Raritan Hudson Estuary: Comparison to pathways of entry and implications for fate.”  Chemosphere 272:129886. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129886.

Baldwin, Austin K., Steven R. Corsi, and Sherri A. Mason. 2016. “Plastic Debris in 29 Great Lakes Tributaries: Relations to Watershed Attributes and Hydrology.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (19):10377-10385. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02917.

Bank, Michael S., and Sophia V. Hansson. 2019. “The Plastic Cycle: A Novel and Holistic Paradigm for the Anthropocene.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (13):7177-7179. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02942.

Barboza, Luís Gabriel Antão, A. Dick Vethaak, Beatriz R. B. O. Lavorante, Anne-Katrine Lundebye, and Lúcia Guilhermino. 2018. “Marine microplastic debris: An emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 133:336-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047.

Barrett, Justine, Zanna Chase, Jing Zhang, Mark M. Banaszak Holl, Kathryn Willis, Alan Williams, Britta D. Hardesty, and Chris Wilcox. 2020. “Microplastic Pollution in Deep-Sea Sediments From the Great Australian Bight.”  Frontiers in Marine Science 7. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.576170.

Bart, J. C. 2005. “Appendix II: Functionality of Common Additives Used in Commercial Thermoplastics, Rubbers and Thermosetting Resins.” In Additives in Polymers, edited by J. C. Bart, 773-791. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470012064.app2

Bascompte, Jordi. 2010. “Structure and Dynamics of Ecological Networks.”  Science 329 (5993):765-766. doi: doi:10.1126/science.1194255.

Batel, Annika, Frederic Linti, Martina Scherer, Lothar Erdinger, and Thomas Braunbeck. 2016. “Transfer of benzo[a]pyrene from microplastics to Artemia nauplii and further to zebrafish via a trophic food web experiment: CYP1A induction and visual tracking of persistent organic pollutants.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 35 (7):1656-1666. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3361.

Baurick, Tristan. 2020. “Millions of plastic pellets are flowing into Gulf.” Times-Picayune|New Orleans Advocate. https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2020/08/19/no-cleanup-planned-millions-plastic-pellets-and-flow-gulf-mexico/5608318002/.

Baytekin, Bilge, H. Tarik Baytekin, and Bartosz A. Grzybowski. 2013. “Retrieving and converting energy from polymers: deployable technologies and emerging concepts.”  Energy & Environmental Science 6 (12):3467-3482. doi: 10.1039/C3EE41360H.

Beghetto, Valentina, Roberto Sole, Chiara Buranello, Marco Al-Abkal, and Manuela Facchin. 2021. “Recent Advancements in Plastic Packaging Recycling: A Mini-Review.”  Materials 14 (17):4782. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174782.

Beljanski, Alec, Casey Cole, Fabian Fuxa, Ellen Setiawan, and Heena Singh. 2016. “Efficiency and effectiveness of a low-cost, self-cleaning microplastic filtering system for wastewater treatment plants.” Proceedings of The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 2016, Asheville, NC.

Bellas, Juan, José Martínez-Armental, Ariana Martínez-Cámara, Victoria Besada, and Concepción Martínez-Gómez. 2016. “Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 109 (1):55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.026.

Benson, Nsikak U., David E. Bassey, and Thavamani Palanisami. 2021. “COVID pollution: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global plastic waste footprint.”  Heliyon 7 (2):e06343. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06343.

Bergmann, Melanie, Lars Gutow, and Michael Klages. 2015. “Marine Anthropogenic Litter.” In: Cham:  Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

Bergmann, Melanie, Sophia Mützel, Sebastian Primpke, Mine B. Tekman, Jürg Trachsel, and Gunnar Gerdts. 2019. “White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic.”  Science Advances 5 (8):eaax1157. doi: doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax1157.

Bernardo, C. A., C. L. Simões, and L. M. Costa Pinto. 2016. “Environmental and economic life cycle analysis of plastic waste management options. A review.”  AIP Conference Proceedings 1779 (1):140001. doi: 10.1063/1.4965581.

Berti Suman, A., and S. Schade. 2021. “The formosa case: A step forward on the acceptance of citizen-collected evidence in environmental litigation?”  Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 6 (1):16. doi: http://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.367.

Besley, Aiken, Martina G. Vijver, Paul Behrens, and Thijs Bosker. 2017. “A standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 114 (1):77-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.055.

Bessa, Filipa, João Frias, Tanja Kögel, Amy Lusher, Jose Andrade, Joana Antunes, Paula Sobral, Elena Pagter, Roisin Nash, Ian O’Connor, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Emmanuelle Keros, Víctor León, Valentina Tirelli, Giuseppe Suaria, Clara Lopes, Joana Raimundo, Miguel Caetano, J. Gago, and Gunnar Gerdts. 2019. “Harmonized Protocol for Monitoring Microplastics in Biota.” In. https://doi.10.13140/RG.2.2.28588.72321/1.

Besseling, E., A. Wegner, E.M. Foekema, van den Heuvel-Greve, M.J., and A.A. Koelmans. 2013. “Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina.”  Environmental Science and Technology 41 (1):593-600. doi: 10.1021/es302763x.

Besseling, Ellen, Paula Redondo-Hasselerharm, Edwin M. Foekema, and Albert A. Koelmans. 2019. “Quantifying ecological risks of aquatic micro- and nanoplastic.”  Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49 (1):32-80. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2018.1531688.

Betsill, Matthew, Juan Frausto Gonzalez, and Allison Woods. 2019. “The Impact of Microplastic Ingestion on the Bivalve Filtration Efficiency of the Hooked Mussel (Ischadium recurvum) from the Chesapeake Bay.” Virginia Tech.

Beyler, C.L., and M.M. Hirschler. 2002. “Thermal Decomposition of Polymers.” In SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering 2, Section 1, Chapter 7, 111-113.

BfR. 2019. “Microplastics: Facts, research and open questions. FAQ to the BfR of 5 June 2019.” Bundesinstitut fur Risikobewertung. https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/microplastics-facts-research-and-open-questions.pdf.

BfR. 2020. “Risk assessment and toxicological research on micro- and nanoplastics after oral exposure via food products.”  EFSA Journal 18 (S1):e181102. doi: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.e181102.

Bhagat, Jacky, Norihiro Nishimura, and Yasuhito Shimada. 2021. “Toxicological interactions of microplastics/nanoplastics and environmental contaminants: Current knowledge and future perspectives.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 405:123913. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123913.

Bikker, J., J. Lawson, S. Wilson, and C. M. Rochman. 2020. “Microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the surface waters of the Chesapeake Bay.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 156:111257. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111257.

Blackburn, Kirsty, and Dannielle Green. 2021. “The potential effects of microplastics on human health: What is known and what is unknown.”  Ambio. doi: 10.1007/s13280-021-01589-9.

Bläsing, Melanie, and Wulf Amelung. 2018. “Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources.”  Science of The Total Environment 612:422-435. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.086.

Bogner, Christina, Mohammadreza Mirzaei, Stéphane Ruy, and Bernd Huwe. 2013. “Microtopography, water storage and flow patterns in a fine-textured soil under agricultural use.”  Hydrological Processes 27 (12):1797-1806. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9337.

Boots, Bas, Connor William Russell, and Dannielle Senga Green. 2019. “Effects of Microplastics in Soil Ecosystems: Above and Below Ground.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (19):11496-11506. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03304.

Borrelle, Stephanie B., Jeremy Ringma, Kara Lavender Law, Cole C. Monnahan, Laurent Lebreto, Alexis McGivern, Erin Murphy, Jenna Jambeck, George H. Leonard, Michelle A. Hilleary, Marcus Eriksen, Hugh P. Possingham, Hannah De Frond, Leah R. Gerber, Beth Polidoro, Akbar Tahir, Miranda Bernard, Nicholas Mallos, Megan  Barnes, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2020. “Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution.”  Science 369 (6510):1515-1518. doi: doi:10.1126/science.aba3656.

Bošković, Neda, Danijela Joksimović, Ana Perošević-Bajčeta, Milica Peković, and Oliver Bajt. 2022. “Distribution and characterization of microplastics in marine sediments from the Montenegrin coast.”  Journal of Soils and Sediments. doi: 10.1007/s11368-022-03166-3.

BottleBill.org. 2022. “Litter studies in bottle bill states.” accessed 16 June, 2022. https://www.bottlebill.org/index.php/benefits-of-bottle-bills/litter-studies-in-bottle-bill-states.

Bouwman, H., K. Minnaar, C. Bezuidenhout, and C. Verster. 2018. “Microplastics in freshwater water environments a scoping study. Report to the Water Research Commission. WRC Report No.2610/1/18.” Republic of South Africa Water Research Commission. http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2610-1-18.pdf.

Bowley, Jake, Craig Baker-Austin, Adam Porter, Rachel Hartnell, and Ceri Lewis. 2021. “Oceanic Hitchhikers – Assessing Pathogen Risks from Marine Microplastic.”  Trends in Microbiology 29 (2):107-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.06.011.

Boyle, Kellie, and Banu Örmeci. 2020. “Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Freshwater and Terrestrial Environment: A Review.”  Water 12 (9):2633. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092633.

Braeuning, Albert. 2019. “Uptake of microplastics and related health effects: a critical discussion of Deng et al., Scientific reports 7:46687, 2017.”  Archives of Toxicology 93 (1):219-220. doi: 10.1007/s00204-018-2367-9.

Brahney, Janice, Natalie Mahowald, Marje Prank, Gavin Cornwell, Zbigniew Klimont, Hitoshi Matsui, and Kimberly Ann Prather. 2021. “Constraining the atmospheric limb of the plastic cycle.”  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (16):e2020719118. doi: doi:10.1073/pnas.2020719118.

Brander, S.M., E. Hoh, K.M. Unice, K.R. Bibby, A.M. Cook, R.C. Holleman, D.V. Kone, C.M. Rochman, and J.A. Thayer. 2021. “Microplastic pollution in california: A precautionary framework and scientific guidance to assess and address risk to the marine environment.” Sacramento, CA, USA: California Ocean Science Trust. https://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/_media_library/2021/05/Microplastics-Risk-final-report.pdf.

Brander, Susanne M., Violet C. Renick, Melissa M. Foley, Clare Steele, Mary Woo, Amy Lusher, Steve Carr, Paul Helm, Carolynn Box, Sam Cherniak, Robert C. Andrews, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2020. “Sampling and Quality Assurance and Quality Control: A Guide for Scientists Investigating the Occurrence of Microplastics Across Matrices.”  Applied Spectroscopy 74 (9):1099-1125. doi: 10.1177/0003702820945713.

Brandes, Elke, Martin Henseler, and Peter Kreins. 2021. “Identifying hot-spots for microplastic contamination in agricultural soils—a spatial modelling approach for Germany.”  Environmental Research Letters 16 (10):104041. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac21e6.

Bråte, Inger Lise N., Rachel Hurley, Karine Iversen, Jonny Beyer, Kevin V. Thomas, Calin C. Steindal, Norman W. Green, Marianne Olsen, and Amy Lusher. 2018. “Mytilus spp. as sentinels for monitoring microplastic pollution in Norwegian coastal waters: A qualitative and quantitative study.”  Environmental Pollution 243:383-393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.077.

Braun, T., L. Ehrlich, W. Henrich, S. Koeppel, I. Lomako, P. Schwabl, and B. Liebmann. 2021. “Detection of Microplastic in Human Placenta and Meconium in a Clinical Setting.”  Pharmaceutics 13 (7). doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070921.

Braun, Ulrike, Ing. Martin Jekel, Gunnar Gerdts, Natalia P. Ivleva, and Jens Reiber. 2018. “Microplastics analytics. Sampling, preparation and detection methods.” Bundesministerium für Bildund und Forschung. https://bmbf-plastik.de/sites/default/files/2018-12/Discussion%20Paper%20Mikroplastics%20Analytics%20Nov%202018.pdf.

Brennecke, Dennis, Erica C. Ferreira, Tarso M. M. Costa, Daniel Appel, Bernardo A. P. da Gama, and Mark Lenz. 2015. “Ingested microplastics (>100μm) are translocated to organs of the tropical fiddler crab Uca rapax.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 96 (1):491-495. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.001.

Brennholt, Nicole, Maren Heß, and Georg Reifferscheid. 2018. “Freshwater Microplastics: Challenges for Regulation and Management.” In Freshwater Microplastics: Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, edited by Martin Wagner and Scott Lambert, 239-272. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_12

Bricker, Suzanne B., Karen C. Rice, and Owen P. Bricker. 2014. “From Headwaters to Coast: Influence of Human Activities on Water Quality of the Potomac River Estuary.”  Aquatic Geochemistry 20 (2):291-323. doi: 10.1007/s10498-014-9226-y.

Browne, Mark A., Awantha Dissanayake, Tamara S. Galloway, David M. Lowe, and Richard C. Thompson. 2008. “Ingested Microscopic Plastic Translocates to the Circulatory System of the Mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.).”  Environmental Science & Technology 42 (13):5026-5031. doi: 10.1021/es800249a.

Browne, Mark Anthony, Phillip Crump, Stewart J. Niven, Emma Teuten, Andrew Tonkin, Tamara Galloway, and Richard Thompson. 2011. “Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks.”  Environmental Science & Technology 45 (21):9175-9179. doi: 10.1021/es201811s.

Brunner, Paul H., and Helmut Rechberger. 2015. “Waste to energy – key element for sustainable waste management.”  Waste Management 37:3-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.003.

Bucci, Kennedy, Jacqueline Bikker, Kathleen Stevack, Trudy Watson-Leung, and Chelsea Rochman. 2022. “Impacts to Larval Fathead Minnows Vary between Preconsumer and Environmental Microplastics.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 41 (4):858-868. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5036.

Bucci, Kennedy, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2022. “Microplastics: a multidimensional contaminant requires a multidimensional framework for assessing risk.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):7. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00028-0.

Bucknall, David G. 2020. “Plastics as a materials system in a circular economy.”  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378 (2176):20190268. doi: doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0268.

Burlakovs, Juris, Mait Kriipsalu, Dmitry Porshnov, Yahya Jani, Viesturs Ozols, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, Vita Rudovica, Inga Grinfelde, Jovita Pilecka, Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Tsitsino Turkadze, William Hogland, and Maris Klavins. 2019. “Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe.”  Separations 6 (2):25.

CA DTSC. 2020. “Three year priority product work plan (2021-2023).” Sacramento, CA: California Department Of Toxic Substances Control. Safer Consumer Products Program. https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/04/Final-2021-2023-Priority-Product-Work-Plan.pdf.

CA DTSC. 2021. “Green Ribbon Science Panel Meeting November 5, 2021.” California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Safer Consumer Products Program, accessed 19 June, 2022. https://dtsc.ca.gov/grsp/meeting-november-5-2021/.

CA OEHHA. 2020. “Bisphenol-A.” California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, accessed 4 October, 2022. https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/chemicals/bisphenol-bpa.

CA SWRCB. 2020. “Resolution no. 2020-0021. Adoption of definition of ‘microplastics in drinking water.” Sacramento, CA: California State Water Resources Control Board. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_decisions/adopted_orders/resolutions/2020/rs2020_0021.pdf.

CA SWRCB. 2021a. “Standard operating procedures for extraction and measurement by infrared spectroscopy of microplastic particles in drinking water.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority/State Water Resources Control Board. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/microplastics/mcrplstcs_ir.pdf.

CA SWRCB. 2021b. “Standard operating procedures for extraction and measurement by raman spectroscopy of microplastic particles in drinking water.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority/State Water Resources Control Board. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/microplastics/mcrplstcs_raman.pdf.

Cadée, Gerhard C. 2002. “Seabirds and floating plastic debris.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 (11):1294-1295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00264-3.

Cadiou, J. F., O. Gerigny, Š Koren, C. Zeri, H. Kaberi, C. Alomar, C. Panti, M. C. Fossi, A. Adamopoulou, N. Digka, S. Deudero, M. Concato, A. Carbonell, M. Baini, M. Galli, and F. Galgani. 2020. “Lessons learned from an intercalibration exercise on the quantification and characterisation of microplastic particles in sediment and water samples.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 154:111097. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111097.

Caesar-Tonthat, Thecan C. 2002. “Soil binding properties of mucilage produced by a basidiomycete fungus in a model system.”  Mycological Research 106 (8):930-937. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756202006330.

Cai, Huiwen, Elvis Genbo Xu, Fangni Du, Ruilong Li, Jingfu Liu, and Huahong Shi. 2021. “Analysis of environmental nanoplastics: Progress and challenges.”  Chemical Engineering Journal 410:128208. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.128208.

Calcott, Paul, and Margaret Walls. 2000. “Can Downstream Waste Disposal Policies Encourage Upstream “Design for Environment”?”  American Economic Review 90 (2):233-237. doi: 10.1257/aer.90.2.233.

California Department of Public Health. 2022a. “Media Campaign: The Big Little Lie (video).” California Department of Public Health. https://www.undo.org/little-big-lie#take-action.

California Department of Public Health. 2022b. “Media Campaign: The LIttle Big Lie.” https://www.undo.org/little-big-lie#take-action.

California Ocean Protection Council. 2022. “Statewide microplastics strategy. Understanding and addressing impacts to protect coastal and ocean health.” California Ocean Protection Council. https://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20220223/Item_6_Exhibit_A_Statewide_Microplastics_Strategy.pdf.

Campanale, Claudia, Carmine Massarelli, Ilaria Savino, Vito Locaputo, and Vito Felice Uricchio. 2020. “A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (4):1212.

Carlin, Julia, Casey Craig, Samantha Little, Melinda Donnelly, David Fox, Lei Zhai, and Linda Walters. 2020. “Microplastic accumulation in the gastrointestinal tracts in birds of prey in central Florida, USA.”  Environmental Pollution 264:114633. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114633.

Carpenter, Edward J., Susan J. Anderson, George R. Harvey, Helen P. Miklas, and Bradford B. Peck. 1972. “Polystyrene Spherules in Coastal Waters.”  Science 178 (4062):749-750. doi: doi:10.1126/science.178.4062.749.

Carrasco-Navarro, Victor, Aino Nuutinen, Jouni Sorvari, and Jussi V. K. Kukkonen. 2022. “Toxicity of Tire Rubber Microplastics to Freshwater Sediment Organisms.”  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 82 (2):180-190. doi: 10.1007/s00244-021-00905-4.

Cashman, Michaela A., Kay T. Ho, Thomas B. Boving, Stephen Russo, Sandra Robinson, and Robert M. Burgess. 2020. “Comparison of microplastic isolation and extraction procedures from marine sediments.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 159:111507. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111507.

Cashman, Michaela A., Troy Langknecht, Dounia El Khatib, Robert M. Burgess, Thomas B. Boving, Sandra Robinson, and Kay T. Ho. 2022. “Quantification of microplastics in sediments from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island USA using a novel isolation and extraction method.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 174:113254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113254.

Catarino, Ana I., Johanna Kramm, Carolin Völker, Theodore B. Henry, and Gert Everaert. 2021. “Risk posed by microplastics: Scientific evidence and public perception.”  Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 29:100467. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100467.

Catarino, Ana I., Valeria Macchia, William G. Sanderson, Richard C. Thompson, and Theodore B. Henry. 2018. “Low levels of microplastics (MP) in wild mussels indicate that MP ingestion by humans is minimal compared to exposure via household fibres fallout during a meal.”  Environmental Pollution 237:675-684. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.069.

CATF. 2017. “Fumes Across the Fence-Line. The Health Impacts of Air Pollution from Oil & Gas Facilities on African American Communities.” Clean Air Task Force. https://www.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CATF_Pub_FumesAcrossTheFenceLine.pdf.

Cau, Alessandro, Carlo Giacomo Avio, Claudia Dessì, Davide Moccia, Antonio Pusceddu, Francesco Regoli, Rita Cannas, and Maria Cristina Follesa. 2020. “Benthic Crustacean Digestion Can Modulate the Environmental Fate of Microplastics in the Deep Sea.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (8):4886-4892. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07705.

CECBP. 2019. “Priority chemicals. February 2019.” Biomonitoring California. https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2019/07/2-F-CA-Biomonitoring.pdf.

Cera, Alessandra, and Massimiliano Scalici. 2021. “Freshwater wild biota exposure to microplastics: A global perspective.”  Ecology and Evolution 11 (15):9904-9916. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7844.

Chang, Christopher. 2010. “The immune effects of naturally occurring and synthetic nanoparticles.”  Journal of Autoimmunity 34 (3):J234-J246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.009.

Chatterjee, A., and J. Abraham. 2017. “Efficient management of e-wastes.”  International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 14 (1):211-222. doi: 10.1007/s13762-016-1072-6.

Chatterjee, Subhankar, and Shivika Sharma. 2019. “Microplastics in our oceans and marine health.”  Field Actions Science Reports [Online]:  Special Issue 19, Online since 01 March 2019. doi: http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/5257.

Chen, Guanglong, Qingyuan Feng, and Jun Wang. 2020. “Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans.”  Science of The Total Environment 703:135504. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135504.

Chen, Yuling, Tiancui Li, Hongjuan Hu, Hongyi Ao, Xiong Xiong, Huahong Shi, and Chenxi Wu. 2021. “Transport and fate of microplastics in constructed wetlands: A microcosm study.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 415:125615. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125615.

Chen, Zhijie, Ji Fang, Wei Wei, Huu Hao Ngo, Wenshan Guo, and Bing-Jie Ni. 2022. “Emerging adsorbents for micro/nanoplastics removal from contaminated water: Advances and perspectives.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 371:133676. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133676.

Cheng, Fangyuan, Tingting Zhang, Yue Liu, Yanan Zhang, and Jiao Qu. 2022. “Non-Negligible Effects of UV Irradiation on Transformation and Environmental Risks of Microplastics in the Water Environment.”  Journal of Xenobiotics 12 (1):1-12.

Chibwe, Leah, Joanne L. Parrott, Kallie Shires, Hufsa Khan, Stacey Clarence, Christine Lavalle, Cheryl Sullivan, Anna M. O’Brien, Amila O. De Silva, Derek C.G. Muir, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2022. “A Deep Dive into the Complex Chemical Mixture and Toxicity of Tire Wear Particle Leachate in Fathead Minnow.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 41 (5):1144-1153. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5140.

Chilton, Tom, Stephen Burnley, and Suresh Nesaratnam. 2010. “A life cycle assessment of the closed-loop recycling and thermal recovery of post-consumer PET.”  Resources, Conservation and Recycling 54 (12):1241-1249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.04.002.

Chimenos, J. M., M. Segarra, M. A. Fernández, and F. Espiell. 1999. “Characterization of the bottom ash in municipal solid waste incinerator.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 64 (3):211-222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(98)00246-5.

Choy, C. A., and J. C. Drazen. 2013. “Plastic for dinner? Observations of frequent debris ingestion by pelagic predatory fishes from the central North Pacific.”  Marine Ecology Progress Series 485:155-163.

Choy, C. Anela, Bruce H. Robison, Tyler O. Gagne, Benjamin Erwin, Evan Firl, Rolf U. Halden, J. Andrew Hamilton, Kakani Katija, Susan E. Lisin, Charles Rolsky, and Kyle S. Van Houtan. 2019. “The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the epipelagic and mesopelagic water column.”  Scientific Reports 9 (1):7843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44117-2.

Christensen, Peter R., Angelique M. Scheuermann, Kathryn E. Loeffler, and Brett A. Helms. 2019. “Closed-loop recycling of plastics enabled by dynamic covalent diketoenamine bonds.”  Nature Chemistry 11 (5):442-448. doi: 10.1038/s41557-019-0249-2.

Chubarenko, I., A. Bagaev, M. Zobkov, and E. Esiukova. 2016. “On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 108 (1):105-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.048.

CIEL. 2017. “Fueling plastics. Fossils, plastics & feedstocks.” Washington, DC: Center for International Environmental Law. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Fueling-Plastics-Fossils-Plastics-Petrochemical-Feedstocks.pdf.

CIEL. 2019. “Plastic and health. The hidden costs of a plastic planet.” Washington, DC: Center for International Environmental Law. https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Plastic-and-Health-The-Hidden-Costs-of-a-Plastic-Planet-February-2019.pdf.

Claessens, Michiel, Lisbeth Van Cauwenberghe, Michiel B. Vandegehuchte, and Colin R. Janssen. 2013. “New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 70 (1):227-233. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.009.

Cluzard, Melanie, Tamara N. Kazmiruk, Vasily D. Kazmiruk, and L. I. Bendell. 2015. “Intertidal Concentrations of Microplastics and Their Influence on Ammonium Cycling as Related to the Shellfish Industry.”  Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 69 (3):310-319. doi: 10.1007/s00244-015-0156-5.

Coffin, Scott. 2022. Assessing and Managing Risks of Microplastics in Ecosystems and Drinking Water.

Coffin, Scott, Hans Bouwmeester, Susanne Brander, Pauliina Damdimopoulou, Todd Gouin, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Elaine Khan, Albert A. Koelmans, Christine L. Lemieux, Katja Teerds, Martin Wagner, Stephen B. Weisberg, and Stephanie Wright. 2022. “Development and application of a health-based framework for informing regulatory action in relation to exposure of microplastic particles in California drinking water.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):12. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00030-6.

Coffin, Scott, and Stephen B. Weisberg. 2022. “Understanding health effects pathways and thresholds: filling a critical need to support microplastics management.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):11. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00031-5.

Coffin, Scott, Stephen B. Weisberg, Chelsea Rochman, Merel Kooi, and Albert A. Koelmans. 2022. “Risk characterization of microplastics in San Francisco Bay, California.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):19. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00037-z.

Cohen, J. H. 2020. “Microplastics in the Murderkill and St. Jones Rivers and their accumulation in blue crabs.” University of Delaware.

Cole, Matthew, Penelope K. Lindeque, Elaine Fileman, James Clark, Ceri Lewis, Claudia Halsband, and Tamara S. Galloway. 2016. “Microplastics Alter the Properties and Sinking Rates of Zooplankton Faecal Pellets.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (6):3239-3246. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05905.

Cole, Matthew, Pennie Lindeque, Elaine Fileman, Claudia Halsband, Rhys Goodhead, Julian Moger, and Tamara S. Galloway. 2013. “Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton.”  Environmental Science & Technology 47 (12):6646-6655. doi: 10.1021/es400663f.

Cole, Matthew, Pennie Lindeque, Claudia Halsband, and Tamara S. Galloway. 2011. “Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 (12):2588-2597. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025.

Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina, Alessandro Abbà, Ilaria Benigna, Sabrina Sorlini, and Vincenzo Torretta. 2018. “Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants.”  Sustainability 10 (1):86.

Colton, John B., Bruce R. Burns, and Knapp, Frederick D. 1974. “Plastic Particles in Surface Waters of the Northwestern Atlantic.”  Science 185 (4150):491-497. doi: doi:10.1126/science.185.4150.491.

Congress.gov. 2015. Text – H.R.1321 – 114th Congress (2015-2016): Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015. December 28, 2015.

Conley, Kenda, Allan Clum, Jestine Deepe, Haven Lane, and Barbara Beckingham. 2019. “Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microplastics to an urban estuary: Removal efficiencies and loading per capita over one year.”  Water Research X 3:100030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100030.

Coppock, Rachel L., Matthew Cole, Penelope K. Lindeque, Ana M. Queirós, and Tamara S. Galloway. 2017. “A small-scale, portable method for extracting microplastics from marine sediments.”  Environmental Pollution 230:829-837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.017.

Cordova, Muhammad Reza, Intan Suci Nurhati, Etty Riani, Nurhasanah, and Marindah Yulia Iswari. 2021. “Unprecedented plastic-made personal protective equipment (PPE) debris in river outlets into Jakarta Bay during COVID-19 pandemic.”  Chemosphere 268:129360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129360.

Corradini, Fabio, Pablo Meza, Raúl Eguiluz, Francisco Casado, Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga, and Violette Geissen. 2019. “Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal.”  Science of The Total Environment 671:411-420. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.368.

Cowger, Win, Andy M. Booth, Bonnie M. Hamilton, Clara Thaysen, Sebastian Primpke, Keenan Munno, Amy L. Lusher, Alexandre Dehaut, Vitor P. Vaz, Max Liboiron, Lisa I. Devriese, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Chelsea Rochman, Samantha N. Athey, Jennifer M. Lynch, Hannah De Frond, Andrew Gray, Oliver A.H. Jones, Susanne Brander, Clare Steele, Shelly Moore, Alterra Sanchez, and Holly Nel. 2020. “Reporting Guidelines to Increase the Reproducibility and Comparability of Research on Microplastics.”  Applied Spectroscopy 74 (9):1066-1077. doi: 10.1177/0003702820930292.

Cowger, Win, Zacharias Steinmetz, Andrew Gray, Keenan Munno, Jennifer Lynch, Hannah Hapich, Sebastian Primpke, Hannah De Frond, Chelsea Rochman, and Orestis Herodotou. 2021. “Microplastic Spectral Classification Needs an Open Source Community: Open Specy to the Rescue!”  Analytical Chemistry 93 (21):7543-7548. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00123.

Cox, Kieran D., Garth A. Covernton, Hailey L. Davies, John F. Dower, Francis Juanes, and Sarah E. Dudas. 2019. “Human Consumption of Microplastics.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (12):7068-7074. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01517.

Cózar, Andrés, Fidel Echevarría, J. Ignacio González-Gordillo, Xabier Irigoien, Bárbara Úbeda, Santiago Hernández-León, Álvaro T. Palma, Sandra Navarro, Juan García-de-Lomas, Andrea Ruiz, María L. Fernández-de-Puelles, and Carlos M. Duarte. 2014. “Plastic debris in the open ocean.”  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (28):10239-10244. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1314705111.

Crawford, Christopher Blair, and Brian Quinn, eds. 2017. Microplastic Pollutants: Elsevier.

Cremades, L. V., J. A. Cusidó, and F. Arteaga. 2018. “Recycling of sludge from drinking water treatment as ceramic material for the manufacture of tiles.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 201:1071-1080. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.094.

Crichton, Ellika M., Marie Noël, Esther A. Gies, and Peter S. Ross. 2017. “A novel, density-independent and FTIR-compatible approach for the rapid extraction of microplastics from aquatic sediments.”  Analytical Methods 9 (9):1419-1428. doi: 10.1039/C6AY02733D.

Critchell, Kay, and Mia O. Hoogenboom. 2018. “Effects of microplastic exposure on the body condition and behaviour of planktivorous reef fish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus).”  PLOS ONE 13 (3):e0193308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193308.

CROW. 2022. “Polymer Properties Databbase: Plastic Additives.” Chemical Retrieval on the Web, accessed January 17, 2022. http://www.polymerdatabase.com/polymer%20classes/Plasticspedia%20A.html.

Cruz Sanchez, Fabio A., Hakim Boudaoud, Mauricio Camargo, and Joshua M. Pearce. 2020. “Plastic recycling in additive manufacturing: A systematic literature review and opportunities for the circular economy.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 264:121602. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121602.

Dahhou, Mohammed, Mohammed El Moussaouiti, Muhammad Azeem Arshad, Souad Moustahsine, and Mohamed Assafi. 2018. “Synthesis and characterization of drinking water treatment plant sludge-incorporated Portland cement.”  Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20 (2):891-901. doi: 10.1007/s10163-017-0650-0.

Danopoulos, Evangelos , Lauren C. Jenner, Maureen Twiddy, and Jeanette M. Rotchell. 2020a. “Microplastic Contamination of Seafood Intended for Human Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.”  Environmental Health Perspectives 128 (12):126002. doi: doi:10.1289/EHP7171.

Danopoulos, Evangelos, Lauren Jenner, Maureen Twiddy, and Jeanette M. Rotchell. 2020b. “Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”  SN Applied Sciences 2 (12):1950. doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-03749-0.

Danopoulos, Evangelos, Maureen Twiddy, and Jeanette M. Rotchell. 2020. “Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review.”  PLOS ONE 15 (7):e0236838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236838.

Danso, Dominik, Jennifer Chow, Wolfgang R. Streit, and Harold L. Drake. 2019. “Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation.”  Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85 (19):e01095-19. doi: doi:10.1128/AEM.01095-19.

Darabi, Meisam, Hira Majeed, Allison Diehl, John Norton, and Yongli Zhang. 2021. “A Review of Microplastics in Aquatic Sediments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Ecological Impact.”  Current Pollution Reports 7 (1):40-53. doi: 10.1007/s40726-020-00171-3.

Dawson, Amanda, Wilhelmina Huston, So Kawaguchi, Catherine King, Roger Cropp, Seanan Wild, Pascale Eisenmann, Kathy Townsend, and Susan Bengtson Nash. 2018. “Uptake and Depuration Kinetics Influence Microplastic Bioaccumulation and Toxicity in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba).”  Environmental Science & Technology 52 (5):3195-3201. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05759.

De Frond, Hannah, Leah Thornton Hampton, Syd Kotar, Kristine Gesulga, Cindy Matuch, Wenjian Lao, Stephen B. Weisberg, Charles S. Wong, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2022. “Monitoring microplastics in drinking water: An interlaboratory study to inform effective methods for quantifying and characterizing microplastics.”  Chemosphere 298:134282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134282.

de Ruijter, Vera N., Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Todd Gouin, and Albert A. Koelmans. 2020. “Quality Criteria for Microplastic Effect Studies in the Context of Risk Assessment: A Critical Review.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (19):11692-11705. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03057.

de Sá, Luís Carlos, Miguel Oliveira, Francisca Ribeiro, Thiago Lopes Rocha, and Martyn Norman Futter. 2018. “Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?”  Science of The Total Environment 645:1029-1039. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.207.

de Souza Machado, Anderson Abel, Werner Kloas, Christiane Zarfl, Stefan Hempel, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2018. “Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems.”  Global Change Biology 24 (4):1405-1416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14020.

de Souza Machado, Anderson Abel, Chung W. Lau, Werner Kloas, Joana Bergmann, Julien B. Bachelier, Erik Faltin, Roland Becker, Anna S. Görlich, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2019. “Microplastics Can Change Soil Properties and Affect Plant Performance.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (10):6044-6052. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01339.

de Souza Machado, Anderson Abel, Chung Wai Lau, Jennifer Till, Werner Kloas, Anika Lehmann, Roland Becker, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2018. “Impacts of Microplastics on the Soil Biophysical Environment.”  Environmental Science & Technology 52 (17):9656-9665. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02212.

De Witte, B., L. Devriese, K. Bekaert, S. Hoffman, G. Vandermeersch, K. Cooreman, and J. Robbens. 2014. “Quality assessment of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis): Comparison between commercial and wild types.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 85 (1):146-155. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.006.

Dehghani, Sharareh, Farid Moore, and Razegheh Akhbarizadeh. 2017. “Microplastic pollution in deposited urban dust, Tehran metropolis, Iran.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24 (25):20360-20371. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9674-1.

Del Borghi, Adriana, Sara Parodi, Luca Moreschi, and Michela Gallo. 2021. “Sustainable packaging: an evaluation of crates for food through a life cycle approach.”  The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26 (4):753-766. doi: 10.1007/s11367-020-01813-w.

Deng, Yongfeng, Yan Zhang, Bernardo Lemos, and Hongqiang Ren. 2017. “Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure.”  Scientific Reports 7 (1):46687. doi: 10.1038/srep46687.

Derraik, José G. B. 2002. “The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 44 (9):842-852. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5.

Desforges, Jean-Pierre W., Moira Galbraith, Neil Dangerfield, and Peter S. Ross. 2014. “Widespread distribution of microplastics in subsurface seawater in the NE Pacific Ocean.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 79 (1):94-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.035.

Dhanesha, Neel. 2022. “The massive, unregulated source of plastic pollution you’ve probably never heard of.” accessed 17 June, 2022. https://www.vox.com/recode/23056251/nurdles-plastic-pollution-ocean-microplastics.

Di Bartolo, Alberto, Giulia Infurna, and Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva. 2021. “A Review of Bioplastics and Their Adoption in the Circular Economy.”  Polymers 13 (8):1229.

Dijkstra, Feike A., Biao Zhu, and Weixin Cheng. 2021. “Root effects on soil organic carbon: a double-edged sword.”  New Phytologist 230 (1):60-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17082.

Ding, Jing, Dong Zhu, Hong-Tao Wang, Simon Bo Lassen, Qing-Lin Chen, Gang Li, Min Lv, and Yong-Guan Zhu. 2020. “Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Soil Fauna Explains the Toxicity of Tire Tread Particles.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (12):7450-7460. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00917.

Dolar, Andraž, Salla Selonen, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, Valentina Perc, Damjana Drobne, and Anita Jemec Kokalj. 2021. “Microplastics, chlorpyrifos and their mixtures modulate immune processes in the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber.”  Science of The Total Environment 772:144900. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144900.

Dris, Rachid, Johnny Gasperi, Cécile Mirande, Corinne Mandin, Mohamed Guerrouache, Valérie Langlois, and Bruno Tassin. 2017. “A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments.”  Environmental Pollution 221:453-458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.013.

Dris, Rachid, Johnny Gasperi, Vincent Rocher, Mohamed Saad, Nicolas Renault, and Bruno Tassin. 2015. “Microplastic contamination in an urban area: a case study in Greater Paris.”  Environmental Chemistry 12 (5):592-599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14167.

Dris, Rachid, Johnny Gasperi, Mohamed Saad, Cécile Mirande, and Bruno Tassin. 2016. “Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: A source of microplastics in the environment?”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 104 (1):290-293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.006.

Drummond, Jennifer D., Uwe Schneidewind, Angang Li, Timothy J. Hoellein, Stefan Krause, and Aaron I. Packman. 2022. “Microplastic accumulation in riverbed sediment via hyporheic exchange from headwaters to mainstems.”  Science Advances 8 (2):eabi9305. doi: doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi9305.

Du, Jia, Shaodan Xu, Qingwei Zhou, Huanxuan Li, Li Fu, Junhong Tang, Yangyang Wang, Xu Peng, Yuting Xu, and Xinpeng Du. 2020. “A review of microplastics in the aquatic environmental: distribution, transport, ecotoxicology, and toxicological mechanisms.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (11):11494-11505. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08104-9.

Du, Jia, Qingwei Zhou, Huanxuan Li, Shaodan Xu, Chunhui Wang, Li Fu, and Junhong Tang. 2021. “Environmental distribution, transport and ecotoxicity of microplastics: A review.”  Journal of Applied Toxicology 41 (1):52-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4034.

Duan, Jiajun, Nanthi Bolan, Yang Li, Shiyuan Ding, Thilakshani Atugoda, Meththika Vithanage, Binoy Sarkar, Daniel C. W. Tsang, and M. B. Kirkham. 2021. “Weathering of microplastics and interaction with other coexisting constituents in terrestrial and aquatic environments.”  Water Research 196:117011. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117011.

Earth Day Network. 2022a. “Earth Day 2022. Invest in our planet.” EarthDay.org, accessed 10 June, 2022. https://www.earthday.org/earth-day-2022/?gclid=CjwKCAjw14uVBhBEEiwAaufYxwfQhIpoI-ir43h7H8mbWOYIFe6FGpTXq6Wh2lpCmoesszskWEcAMhoCNa8QAvD_BwE.

Earth Day Network. 2022b. “Fact sheet: Single use plastics.” Earth Day Network, accessed 10 June, 2022. https://www.earthday.org/fact-sheet-single-use-plastics/#_ftn3.

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. 2016. “Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood.”  EFSA Journal 14 (6):e04501. doi: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4501.

Elder, A., and G. Oberdörster. 2006. “Translocation and effects of ultrafine particles outside of the lung.”  Clinics in Occupational & Environmental Medicine 5 (4):785-96. doi: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.003.

Endo, Satoshi, Reiko Takizawa, Keiji Okuda, Hideshige Takada, Kazuhiro Chiba, Haruyuki Kanehiro, Haruo Ogi, Rei Yamashita, and Takeshi Date. 2005. “Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in beached resin pellets: Variability among individual particles and regional differences.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (10):1103-1114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.030.

Enfrin, Marie, Ludovic F. Dumée, and Judy Lee. 2019. “Nano/microplastics in water and wastewater treatment processes – Origin, impact and potential solutions.”  Water Research 161:621-638. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.049.

Ensign, Laura M., Richard Cone, and Justin Hanes. 2012. “Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: The gastrointestinal mucus barriers.”  Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 64 (6):557-570. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.009.

Enyoh, Christian E., Qingyue Wang, Tanzin Chowdhury, Weiqian Wang, Senlin Lu, Kai Xiao, and Md A. Chowdhury. 2021. New Analytical Approaches for Effective Quantification and Identification of Nanoplastics in Environmental Samples. Processes 9 (11). doi:10.3390/pr9112086.

Enyoh, Christian Ebere, Andrew Wirnkor Verla, Evelyn Ngozi Verla, Francis Chizoruo Ibe, and Collins Emeka Amaobi. 2019. “Airborne microplastics: a review study on method for analysis, occurrence, movement and risks.”  Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191 (11):668. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7842-0.

Eo, Soeun, Sang Hee Hong, Young Kyoung Song, Gi Myung Han, Seongbong Seo, and Won Joon Shim. 2021. “Prevalence of small high-density microplastics in the continental shelf and deep sea waters of East Asia.”  Water Research 200:117238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117238.

EOA. 2014. “San Francisco Bay Area stormwater trash generation rates – final technical report. Prepared for Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA).”.

Eriksen, Marcus, Martin Thiel, Matt Prindiville, and Tim Kiessling. 2018. “Microplastic: What Are the Solutions?” In Freshwater Microplastics : Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, edited by Martin Wagner and Scott Lambert, 273-298. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_13

Eriksson, Ola, and Göran Finnveden. 2009. “Plastic waste as a fuel – CO2-neutral or not?”  Energy & Environmental Science 2 (9):907-914. doi: 10.1039/B908135F.

Erni-Cassola, Gabriel, Matthew I. Gibson, Richard C. Thompson, and Joseph A. Christie-Oleza. 2017. “Lost, but Found with Nile Red: A Novel Method for Detecting and Quantifying Small Microplastics (1 mm to 20 μm) in Environmental Samples.”  Environmental Science & Technology 51 (23):13641-13648. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04512.

ESE Magazine. 2021. “Seabins making strides in removing microplastics from Lake Ontario.” Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine, accessed 11 June, 2022. https://esemag.com/water/seabins-removing-microplastics-lake-ontario/.

Estahbanati, Shirin, and N. L. Fahrenfeld. 2016. “Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water.”  Chemosphere 162:277-284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.083.

European Commission. 2019. “Environmental and health risks of microplastic pollution.” Brussels, BE: European Commission, Group of Chief Scientific Advisors. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/research_and_innovation/groups/sam/ec_rtd_sam-mnp-opinion_042019.pdf.

European Commission. 2022. “Microplastics.” European Commission – Environment, accessed 10 June, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/plastics/microplastics_en.

Evangeliou, N., H. Grythe, Z. Klimont, C. Heyes, S. Eckhardt, S. Lopez-Aparicio, and A. Stohl. 2020. “Atmospheric transport is a major pathway of microplastics to remote regions.”  Nature Communications 11 (1):3381. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17201-9.

Everaert, Gert, Lisbeth Van Cauwenberghe, Maarten De Rijcke, Albert A. Koelmans, Jan Mees, Michiel Vandegehuchte, and Colin R. Janssen. 2018. “Risk assessment of microplastics in the ocean: Modelling approach and first conclusions.”  Environmental Pollution 242:1930-1938. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.069.

Falahudin, Dede, Muhammad Reza Cordova, Xiaoxia Sun, Deny Yogaswara, Ita Wulandari, Dwi Hindarti, and Zainal Arifin. 2020. “The first occurrence, spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastic particles in sediments from Banten Bay, Indonesia.”  Science of The Total Environment 705:135304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135304.

Farrell, Paul, and Kathryn Nelson. 2013. “Trophic level transfer of microplastic: Mytilus edulis (L.) to Carcinus maenas (L.).”  Environmental Pollution 177:1-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.046.

Fazey, Francesca M. C., and Peter G. Ryan. 2016. “Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: An experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity.”  Environmental Pollution 210:354-360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.026.

FDA. 2018. “Bisphenol A (BPA).” US Food and Drug Administration, accessed 6 October, 2022.

Flinders, Camille A. 2020. “Environmental effects of microplastics in aquatic systems: State of the science, challenges, and future research needs.” NCASI White Paper. https://www.ncasi.org/resource/environmental-effects-of-microplastics-in-aquatic-systems-state-of-the-science-challenges-and-future-research-needs/.

Fojt, Jakub, Jan David, Radek Přikryl, Veronika Řezáčová, and Jiří Kučerík. 2020. “A critical review of the overlooked challenge of determining micro-bioplastics in soil.”  Science of The Total Environment 745:140975. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140975.

Fred-Ahmadu, Omowunmi H., Geetika Bhagwat, Idowu Oluyoye, Nsikak U. Benson, Olusegun O. Ayejuyo, and Thavamani Palanisami. 2020. “Interaction of chemical contaminants with microplastics: Principles and perspectives.”  The Science of the Total Environment 706:135978. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135978.

FRTR. 2022. “Technology Screening Matrix.” Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable, accessed May 11, 2022. https://frtr.gov/matrix/default.cfm.

Fu, Wanyi, Jiacheng Min, Weiyu Jiang, Yang Li, and Wen Zhang. 2020. “Separation, characterization and identification of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment.”  Science of The Total Environment 721:137561. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137561.

Galafassi, Silvia, Raffaella Sabatino, María Belén Sathicq, Ester M. Eckert, Diego Fontaneto, Giulia Dalla Fontana, Raffaella Mossotti, Gianluca Corno, Pietro Volta, and Andrea Di Cesare. 2021. “Contribution of microplastic particles to the spread of resistances and pathogenic bacteria in treated wastewaters.”  Water Research 201:117368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117368.

Galloway, Tamara S., Matthew Cole, and Ceri Lewis. 2017. “Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem.”  Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (5):0116. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0116.

Gan, Zhiqiang, and Houjin Zhang. 2019. “PMBD: a Comprehensive Plastics Microbial Biodegradation Database.”  Database 2019. doi: 10.1093/database/baz119.

Gao, Jing, Shizhen Pan, Pengfei Li, Liuwei Wang, Renjie Hou, Wei-Min Wu, Jian Luo, and Deyi Hou. 2021. “Vertical migration of microplastics in porous media: Multiple controlling factors under wet-dry cycling.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 419:126413. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126413.

Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Maria Maesia S. G. Eiband, Jailson Vieira de Melo, and Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle. 2017. “Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies.”  Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 801:267-299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047.

Gardiner, Beth. 2022. “How a dramatic win in the plastic waste case may curb ocean pollution. National Geographic.”  National Geographic (February). doi: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/how-a-dramatic-win-in-plastic-waste-case-may-curb-ocean-pollution.

Gasperi, Johnny, Stephanie L. Wright, Rachid Dris, France Collard, Corinne Mandin, Mohamed Guerrouache, Valérie Langlois, Frank J. Kelly, and Bruno Tassin. 2018. “Microplastics in air: Are we breathing it in?”  Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1:1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.002.

Gavigan, Jenna, Timnit Kefela, Ilan Macadam-Somer, Sangwon Suh, and Roland Geyer. 2020. “Synthetic microfiber emissions to land rival those to waterbodies and are growing.”  PLOS ONE 15 (9):e0237839. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237839.

Gerritse, Jan, Heather A. Leslie, Caroline A. de Tender, Lisa I. Devriese, and A. Dick Vethaak. 2020. “Fragmentation of plastic objects in a laboratory seawater microcosm.”  Scientific Reports 10 (1):10945. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67927-1.

GESAMP. 2015. “Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 90.” IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. http://www.gesamp.org/publications/reports-and-studies-no-90.

GESAMP. 2016. “Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment (Part 2). Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 93.” London, England: (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts in the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmenal Protection. http://www.gesamp.org/publications/microplastics-in-the-marine-environment-part-2.

Gewert, Berit, Merle M. Plassmann, and Matthew MacLeod. 2015. “Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers floating in the marine environment.”  Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17 (9):1513-1521. doi: 10.1039/C5EM00207A.

Geyer, Roland, Jenna R. Jambeck, and Kara Lavender Law. 2017. “Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made.”  Science Advances 3 (7):e1700782. doi: doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782.

Gigault, Julien, Hind El Hadri, Brian Nguyen, Bruno Grassl, Laura Rowenczyk, Nathalie Tufenkji, Siyuan Feng, and Mark Wiesner. 2021. “Nanoplastics are neither microplastics nor engineered nanoparticles.”  Nature Nanotechnology 16 (5):501-507. doi: 10.1038/s41565-021-00886-4.

Glaser, John. 2020. “The importance of biofilms to the fate and effects of microplastics” in bacterial biofilms.” In Bacterial Biofilms, edited by Sadik Dincer, Melis Özdenefe and Afet Arkut. London: IntechOpen. 10.5772/intechopen.92816

GlobalInfoResearch. 2020. “Global membrane filtration market 2020 by manufacturers, regions, type and application, forecast to 2025.” doi: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/membrane-filtration-market-68840418.html.

Goldberry, Clare. 2020. “The truth about compostable plastics.” Plastics Today. https://www.plasticstoday.com/sustainability/truth-about-compostable-plastics.

Gong, Jixian, Tongtong Kong, Yuqiang Li, Qiujin Li, Zheng Li, and Jianfei Zhang. 2018. “Biodegradation of Microplastic Derived from Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Bacterial Whole-Cell Biocatalysts.”  Polymers 10 (12):1326.

Gouin, Todd. 2020. “Toward an Improved Understanding of the Ingestion and Trophic Transfer of Microplastic Particles: Critical Review and Implications for Future Research.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39 (6):1119-1137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4718.

Gouin, Todd, Richard A. Becker, Anne-Gaelle Collot, John W. Davis, Brett Howard, Kunifumi Inawaka, Mark Lampi, Blanca Serrano Ramon, Jay Shi, and Philipp W. Hopp. 2019. “Toward the Development and Application of an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework for Microplastic.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38 (10):2087-2100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4529.

Govender, Joelene, Trishan Naidoo, Anusha Rajkaran, Senzo Cebekhulu, Astika Bhugeloo, and Sershen. 2020. “Towards Characterising Microplastic Abundance, Typology and Retention in Mangrove-Dominated Estuaries.”  Water 12 (10):2802.

Government of Canada. 2021. “Canadian environmental protection act, 1999. Order adding a toxic substance to schedule 1 to the canadian environmental protection act, 1999: Sor/2021-86.”  Canada Gazette. doi: https://canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2021/2021-05-12/html/sor-dors86-eng.html.

Gray, Austin D., and John E. Weinstein. 2017. “Size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles on adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio).”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36 (11):3074-3080. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3881.

Grbic, Jelena, Brian Nguyen, Edie Guo, Jae Bem You, David Sinton, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2019. “Magnetic Extraction of Microplastics from Environmental Samples.”  Environmental Science & Technology Letters 6 (2):68-72. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00671.

Greim, H., P. Borm, R.  Schins, K. Donaldson, K. Driscoll, A.  Hartwig, E. Kuempel, G. Oberdörster, and G. Speit. 2001. “Toxicity of fibers and particles? Report of the workshop held in Munich, Germany, 26-27 October 2000.”  Inhalation Toxicology 13 (9):737-754. doi: 10.1080/08958370118273.

Gu, Ji-Dong. 2003. “Microbiological deterioration and degradation of synthetic polymeric materials: recent research advances.”  International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 52 (2):69-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00177-4.

Guan, Yin, Jilai Gong, Biao Song, Juan Li, Siyuan Fang, Siqun Tang, Weicheng Cao, Yougong Li, Zengping Chen, Jun Ye, and Zhe Cai. 2022. “The effect of UV exposure on conventional and degradable microplastics adsorption for Pb (II) in sediment.”  Chemosphere 286:131777. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131777.

Guo, Jing-Jie, Xian-Pei Huang, Lei Xiang, Yi-Ze Wang, Yan-Wen Li, Hui Li, Quan-Ying Cai, Ce-Hui Mo, and Ming-Hung Wong. 2020. “Source, migration and toxicology of microplastics in soil.”  Environment International 137:105263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105263.

Guo, Nannan, and Ming C. Leu. 2013. “Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs.”  Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 8 (3):215-243. doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8.

Guo, Xuan, and Jianlong Wang. 2019. “Sorption of antibiotics onto aged microplastics in freshwater and seawater.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 149:110511. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110511.

Gutow, Lars, Antonia Eckerlebe, Luis Giménez, and Reinhard Saborowski. 2015. “Experimental evaluation of seaweeds as a vector for microplastics into marine food webs, supplementary material.”  Environmental Science & Technology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02431.

Gwinnett, C., and R. Z. Miller. 2021. “Are we contaminating our samples? A preliminary study to investigate procedural contamination during field sampling and processing for microplastic and anthropogenic microparticles.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 173:113095. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113095.

Habib, Rana Zeeshan, Thies Thiemann, and Ruwaya Al Kendi. 2020. “Microplastics and wastewater treatment plants—a review.”  Journal of Water Resource and Protection 12:1-35. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2020.121001.

Hahladakis, John N., Costas A. Velis, Roland Weber, Eleni Iacovidou, and Phil Purnell. 2018. “An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 344:179-199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014.

Halle, Louise L., Annemette Palmqvist, Kristoffer Kampmann, Anders Jensen, Tobias Hansen, and Farhan R. Khan. 2021. “Tire wear particle and leachate exposures from a pristine and road-worn tire to Hyalella azteca: Comparison of chemical content and biological effects.”  Aquatic Toxicology 232:105769. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105769.

Han, Jie, and Shanshan He. 2021. “Need for assessing the inhalation of micro(nano)plastic debris shed from masks, respirators, and home-made face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic.”  Environmental Pollution 268:115728. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115728.

Han, Xu, Weidong Liu, Jian-Wen Huang, Jiantao Ma, Yingying Zheng, Tzu-Ping Ko, Limin Xu, Ya-Shan Cheng, Chun-Chi Chen, and Rey-Ting Guo. 2017. “Structural insight into catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolase.”  Nature Communications 8 (1):2106. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02255-z.

Hardesty, Britta Denise, Thomas P. Good, and Chris Wilcox. 2015. “Novel methods, new results and science-based solutions to tackle marine debris impacts on wildlife.”  Ocean & Coastal Management 115:4-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.004.

Harris, Lyda S.T., Laura La Beur, Amy Y. Olsen, Angela Smith, Lindsey Eggers, Emily Pedersen, Jennifer Van Brocklin, Susanne M. Brander, and Shawn Larson. 2022. “Temporal Variability of Microparticles Under the Seattle Aquarium, Washington State: Documenting the Global Covid-19 Pandemic.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 41 (4):917-930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5190.

Hartmann, Nanna B, Sinja Rist, Julia Bodin, Louise HS Jensen, Stine N Schmidt, Philipp Mayer, Anders Meibom, and Anders Baun. 2017. “Microplastics as vectors for environmental contaminants: Exploring sorption, desorption, and transfer to biota.”  Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 13 (3):488-493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1904.

Hasegawa, Takaaki, and Masahiro Nakaoka. 2021. “Trophic transfer of microplastics from mysids to fish greatly exceeds direct ingestion from the water column.”  Environmental Pollution 273:116468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116468.

Hassan, Ikrema, Saidur R. Chowdhury, Perdana K. Prihartato, and Shaikh A Razzak. 2021. “Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland: Current Trends and Future Potential.”  Processes 9 (11):1917.

He, Pinjing, Liyao Chen, Liming Shao, Hua Zhang, and Fan Lü. 2019. “Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: A source of microplastics? -Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate.”  Water Research 159:38-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.060.

Heberling, Matt, C. Nietch, J. Price, H. Thurston, and M. Elovitz. 2017. “Drinking water treatment plant costs and source water quality: An updated case study (2013-2016).” AWRA Annual Conference.

Heidbreder, Lea Marie, Isabella Bablok, Stefan Drews, and Claudia Menzel. 2019. “Tackling the plastic problem: A review on perceptions, behaviors, and interventions.”  Science of The Total Environment 668:1077-1093. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.437.

Henry, Barbara J, Joseph P Carlin, Jon A Hammerschmidt, Robert C Buck, L William Buxton, Heidelore Fiedler, Jennifer Seed, and Oscar Hernandez. 2018. “A critical review of the application of polymer of low concern and regulatory criteria to fluoropolymers.”  Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 14 (3):316-334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4035.

Hernández-Arenas, Ricardo, Ana Beltrán-Sanahuja, Paula Navarro-Quirant, and Carlos Sanz-Lazaro. 2021. “The effect of sewage sludge containing microplastics on growth and fruit development of tomato plants.”  Environmental Pollution 268:115779. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115779.

Herrera, Alicia, Paloma Garrido-Amador, Ico Martínez, María Dolores Samper, Juan López-Martínez, May Gómez, and Theodore T. Packard. 2018. “Novel methodology to isolate microplastics from vegetal-rich samples.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 129 (1):61-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.015.

Hidalgo-Ruz, V., and M. Thiel. 2013. “Distribution and abundance of small plastic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): a study supported by a citizen science project.”  Marine Environmental Research 87-88:12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.015.

Hidalgo-Ruz, Valeria, Lars Gutow, Richard C. Thompson, and Martin Thiel. 2012. “Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification.”  Environmental Science & Technology 46 (6):3060-3075. doi: 10.1021/es2031505.

Hirt, Nell, and Mathilde Body-Malapel. 2020. “Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature.”  Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17 (1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12989-020-00387-7.

Horton, Alice A., Alexander Walton, David J. Spurgeon, Elma Lahive, and Claus Svendsen. 2017. “Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities.”  Science of The Total Environment 586:127-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190.

Horvatits, T., M. Tamminga, B. Liu, M. Sebode, A. Carambia, L. Fischer, K. Püschel, S. Huber, and E. K. Fischer. 2022. “Microplastics detected in cirrhotic liver tissue.”  EBioMedicine 82:104147. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104147.

Hu, Kunsheng, Wenjie Tian, Yangyang Yang, Gang Nie, Peng Zhou, Yuxian Wang, Xiaoguang Duan, and Shaobin Wang. 2021. “Microplastics remediation in aqueous systems: Strategies and technologies.”  Water Research 198:117144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117144.

Hu, Moyan, and Dušan Palić. 2020. “Micro- and nano-plastics activation of oxidative and inflammatory adverse outcome pathways.”  Redox Biology 37:101620. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101620.

Huang, Danlian, Jiaxi Tao, Min Cheng, Rui Deng, Sha Chen, Lingshi Yin, and Ruijin Li. 2021. “Microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Macroscopic transport and effects on creatures.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 407:124399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124399.

Huang, Yuzhou, Xi Xiao, Kokoette Effiong, Caicai Xu, Zhinan Su, Jing Hu, Shaojun Jiao, and Marianne Holmer. 2021. “New Insights into the Microplastic Enrichment in the Blue Carbon Ecosystem: Evidence from Seagrass Meadows and Mangrove Forests in Coastal South China Sea.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (8):4804-4812. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07289.

Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza, Hennie Gertsen, Harm Gooren, Piet Peters, Tamás Salánki, Martine van der Ploeg, Ellen Besseling, Albert A. Koelmans, and Violette Geissen. 2016. “Microplastics in the Terrestrial Ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae).”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (5):2685-2691. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05478.

Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza, Hennie Gertsen, Harm Gooren, Piet Peters, Tamás Salánki, Martine van der Ploeg, Ellen Besseling, Albert A. Koelmans, and Violette Geissen. 2017. “Incorporation of microplastics from litter into burrows of Lumbricus terrestris.”  Environmental Pollution 220:523-531. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.096.

Hung, Charlotte, Natasha Klasios, Xia Zhu, Meg Sedlak, Rebecca Sutton, and Chelsea M Rochman. 2021. “Methods Matter: Methods for Sampling Microplastic and Other Anthropogenic Particles and Their Implications for Monitoring and Ecological Risk Assessment.”  Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 17 (1):282-291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4325.

Huo, Yuxin, Feike A. Dijkstra, Malcolm Possell, and Balwant Singh. 2022. “Ecotoxicological effects of plastics on plants, soil fauna and microorganisms: A meta-analysis.”  Environmental Pollution 310:119892. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119892.

Hurley, Rachel R., Amy L. Lusher, Marianne Olsen, and Luca Nizzetto. 2018. “Validation of a Method for Extracting Microplastics from Complex, Organic-Rich, Environmental Matrices.”  Environmental Science & Technology 52 (13):7409-7417. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01517.

Hurley, Rachel R., and Luca Nizzetto. 2018. “Fate and occurrence of micro(nano)plastics in soils: Knowledge gaps and possible risks.”  Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1:6-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.006.

Hyslop, E. J. 1980. “Stomach contents analysis—a review of methods and their application.”  Journal of Fish Biology 17 (4):411-429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02775.x.

ICF. 2018. “Investigating options for reducing releases in the aquatic environment of microplastics emitted by (but not intentionally added in) products. Final report.” Report for DG Environment of the European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/descriptor-10/pdf/microplastics_final_report_v5_full.pdf.

Ignatyev, Igor A., Wim Thielemans, and Bob Vander Beke. 2014. “Recycling of Polymers: A Review.”  ChemSusChem 7 (6):1579-1593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300898.

Isobe, Atsuhiko, Keiichi Uchida, Tadashi Tokai, and Shinsuke Iwasaki. 2015. “East Asian seas: A hot spot of pelagic microplastics.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 101 (2):618-623. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.042.

Issac, Merlin N., and Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian. 2021. “Effect of microplastics in water and aquatic systems.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (16):19544-19562. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13184-2.

ITRC. 2020. “Incremental Sampling Methodology-Update.” Washington, DC: Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council. https://ism-2.itrcweb.org/.

Ivleva, Natalia P., Alexandra C. Wiesheu, and Reinhard Niessner. 2017. “Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems.”  Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56 (7):1720-1739. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606957.

Iyare, Paul U., Sabeha K. Ouki, and Tom Bond. 2020. “Microplastics removal in wastewater treatment plants: a critical review.”  Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6 (10):2664-2675. doi: 10.1039/D0EW00397B.

Jaakkola, Jouni J.K., and Trudy L. Knight. 2008. “The Role of Exposure to Phthalates from Polyvinyl Chloride Products in the Development of Asthma and Allergies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.”  Environmental Health Perspectives 116 (7):845-853. doi: doi:10.1289/ehp.10846.

Jabeen, Khalida, Bowen Li, Qiqing Chen, Lei Su, Chenxi Wu, Henner Hollert, and Huahong Shi. 2018. “Effects of virgin microplastics on goldfish (Carassius auratus).”  Chemosphere 213:323-332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.031.

Jacob, Hugo, Marc Besson, Peter W. Swarzenski, David Lecchini, and Marc Metian. 2020. “Effects of Virgin Micro- and Nanoplastics on Fish: Trends, Meta-Analysis, and Perspectives.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (8):4733-4745. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05995.

Jacques, O., and R. S. Prosser. 2021. “A probabilistic risk assessment of microplastics in soil ecosystems.”  Science of The Total Environment 757:143987. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143987.

Jadhav, Ekta B., Mahipal Singh Sankhla, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, and D. S. Bhagat. 2021. “Microplastics from food packaging: An overview of human consumption, health threats, and alternative solutions.”  Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 16:100608. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100608.

Jambeck, Jenna R., and Kyle Johnsen. 2015. “Citizen-Based Litter and Marine Debris Data Collection and Mapping.”  Computing in Science & Engineering 17:20-26.

Jang, Mi, Won Joon Shim, Gi Myung Han, Young Kyoung Song, and Sang Hee Hong. 2018. “Formation of microplastics by polychaetes (Marphysa sanguinea) inhabiting expanded polystyrene marine debris.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 131:365-369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.017.

Jenner, Lauren C., Jeanette M. Rotchell, Robert T. Bennett, Michael Cowen, Vasileios Tentzeris, and Laura R. Sadofsky. 2022. “Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy.”  Science of The Total Environment 831:154907. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154907.

Jia, Q. L., H. Chen, X. Zhao, L. Li, Y. H. Nie, and J. F. Ye. 2019. “Removal of Microplastics by Different Treatment Processes in Shanghai Large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants.”  Huan Jing Ke Xue 40 (9):4105-4112. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201903100.

Jin, Mengke, Xue Wang, Tao Ren, Jian Wang, and Jiajia Shan. 2021. “Microplastics contamination in food and beverages: Direct exposure to humans.”  Journal of Food Science 86 (7):2816-2837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15802.

John, Juliana, A. R. Nandhini, Padmanaban Velayudhaperumal Chellam, and Mika Sillanpää. 2022. “Microplastics in mangroves and coral reef ecosystems: a review.”  Environmental Chemistry Letters 20 (1):397-416. doi: 10.1007/s10311-021-01326-4.

Joo, Sung Hee, Yejin Liang, Minbeom Kim, Jaehyun Byun, and Heechul Choi. 2021. “Microplastics with adsorbed contaminants: Mechanisms and Treatment.”  Environmental Challenges 3:100042. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100042.

Ju, Hui, Dong Zhu, and Min Qiao. 2019. “Effects of polyethylene microplastics on the gut microbial community, reproduction and avoidance behaviors of the soil springtail, Folsomia candida.”  Environmental Pollution 247:890-897. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.097.

Jung, Melissa R., F. David Horgen, Sara V. Orski, Viviana Rodriguez C, Kathryn L. Beers, George H. Balazs, T. Todd Jones, Thierry M. Work, Kayla C. Brignac, Sarah-Jeanne Royer, K. David Hyrenbach, Brenda A. Jensen, and Jennifer M. Lynch. 2018. “Validation of ATR FT-IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 127:704-716. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.061.

Kaiser, David, Nicole Kowalski, and Joanna J. Waniek. 2017. “Effects of biofouling on the sinking behavior of microplastics.”  Environmental Research Letters 12 (12):124003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8e8b.

Kane, Ian A., and Michael A. Clare. 2019. “Dispersion, Accumulation, and the Ultimate Fate of Microplastics in Deep-Marine Environments: A Review and Future Directions.”  Frontiers in Earth Science 7. doi: 10.3389/feart.2019.00080.

Kapp, K. J., and R. Z. Miller. 2020. “Electric clothes dryers: An underestimated source of microfiber pollution.”  PLoS One 15 (10):e0239165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239165.

Karami, Ali, Abolfazl Golieskardi, Cheng Keong Choo, Vincent Larat, Samaneh Karbalaei, and Babak Salamatinia. 2018. “Microplastic and mesoplastic contamination in canned sardines and sprats.”  Science of The Total Environment 612:1380-1386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.005.

Karasik, Rachel, Tibor Vegh, Zoie Diana, Janet Bering, Juan Caldas, Amy Pickle, Daniel Rittschof , and John Virdin. 2020. “20 years of government responses to the global plastic pollution problem. The plastics policy inventory. NI X 20-05.” Durham, NC: Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University. https://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/publications/20-years-government-responses-global-plastic-pollution-problem.

Karbalaei, Samaneh, Parichehr Hanachi, Tony R. Walker, and Matthew Cole. 2018. “Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (36):36046-36063. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3508-7.

Karlsson, Therese M., A. Dick Vethaak, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Freek Ariese, Martin van Velzen, Martin Hassellöv, and Heather A. Leslie. 2017. “Screening for microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish: Method development and microplastic accumulation.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 122 (1):403-408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.081.

Katyal, Disha, Elaine Kong, and Jacit Villanueva. 2020. “Microplastics in the environment: impact on human health and future mitigation strategies.”  Environmental Health Review 63 (1):27-31. doi: 10.5864/d2020-005.

Kaur, Harveen, Deepak Rawat, Pankaj Poria, Udita Sharma, Yann Gibert, Abdul Samath Ethayathulla, Ludovic F. Dumée, Radhey Shyam Sharma, and Vandana Mishra. 2022. “Ecotoxic effects of microplastics and contaminated microplastics – Emerging evidence and perspective.”  Science of The Total Environment 841:156593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156593.

Kelkar, Varun P., Charles B. Rolsky, Anupum Pant, Matthew D. Green, Sefaattin Tongay, and Rolf U. Halden. 2019. “Chemical and physical changes of microplastics during sterilization by chlorination.”  Water Research 163:114871. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114871.

Kemp, W. M., W. R. Boynton, J. E. Adolf, D. F. Boesch, W. C. Boicourt, G. Brush, J. C.  Cornwell, T. R. Fisher, P. M. Glibert, J. D. Hagy, L. W. Harding, E. D. Houde, D. G. Kimmel, W. D. Miller, R. I. E. Newell, M. R. Roman, E. M. Smith, and J. C. Stevenson. 2005. “Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions.”  Marine Ecology Progress Series 303:1-29. doi: https://www.int-res.com/articles/feature/m303p001.pdf.

Khoironi, Adian, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto, Sutrisno Anggoro, and Sudarno Sudarno. 2020. “Evaluation of polypropylene plastic degradation and microplastic identification in sediments at Tambak Lorok coastal area, Semarang, Indonesia.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 151:110868. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110868.

Kiendrebeogo, M., M. R. Karimi Estahbanati, A. Khosravanipour Mostafazadeh, P. Drogui, and R. D. Tyagi. 2021. “Treatment of microplastics in water by anodic oxidation: A case study for polystyrene.”  Environmental Pollution 269:116168. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116168.

Kim, Seung-Kyu, and Nan-Seon Song. 2021. “Microplastics in edible salt: a literature review focusing on uncertainty related with measured minimum cutoff sizes.”  Current Opinion in Food Science 41:16-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.010.

Kim, Shin Woong, and Youn-Joo An. 2019. “Soil microplastics inhibit the movement of springtail species.”  Environment International 126:699-706. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.067.

Klein, Malin, and Elke K. Fischer. 2019. “Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany.”  Science of The Total Environment 685:96-103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.405.

Kleinteich, Julia, Sven Seidensticker, Nikolaj Marggrander, and Christiane Zarfl. 2018. “Microplastics Reduce Short-Term Effects of Environmental Contaminants. Part II: Polyethylene Particles Decrease the Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Microorganisms.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (2):287.

Klöckner, Philipp, Thorsten Reemtsma, Paul Eisentraut, Ulrike Braun, Aki Sebastian Ruhl, and Stephan Wagner. 2019. “Tire and road wear particles in road environment – Quantification and assessment of particle dynamics by Zn determination after density separation.”  Chemosphere 222:714-721. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.176.

Klöckner, Philipp, Bettina Seiwert, Paul Eisentraut, Ulrike Braun, Thorsten Reemtsma, and Stephan Wagner. 2020. “Characterization of tire and road wear particles from road runoff indicates highly dynamic particle properties.”  Water Research 185:116262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116262.

Klöckner, Philipp, Bettina Seiwert, Steffen Weyrauch, Beate I. Escher, Thorsten Reemtsma, and Stephan Wagner. 2021. “Comprehensive characterization of tire and road wear particles in highway tunnel road dust by use of size and density fractionation.”  Chemosphere 279:130530. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130530.

Knobloch, Ella, Helena Ruffell, Alex Aves, Olga Pantos, Sally Gaw, and Laura E. Revell. 2021. “Comparison of Deposition Sampling Methods to Collect Airborne Microplastics in Christchurch, New Zealand.”  Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 232 (4):133. doi: 10.1007/s11270-021-05080-9.

Koe, Weng Shin, Jing Wen Lee, Woon Chan Chong, Yean Ling Pang, and Lan Ching Sim. 2020. “An overview of photocatalytic degradation: photocatalysts, mechanisms, and development of photocatalytic membrane.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (3):2522-2565. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07193-5.

Koelmans, Albert A., Ellen Besseling, and Won J. Shim. 2015. “Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment. Critical Review.” In Marine Anthropogenic Litter, edited by Melanie Bergmann, Lars Gutow and Michael Klages, 325-340. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_12

Koelmans, Albert A., Noël J. Diepens, and Nur Hazimah Mohamed Nor. 2022. “Weight of Evidence for the Microplastic Vector Effect in the Context of Chemical Risk Assessment.” In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, edited by Michael S. Bank, 155-197. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_6

Koelmans, Albert A., Nur Hazimah Mohamed Nor, Enya Hermsen, Merel Kooi, Svenja M. Mintenig, and Jennifer De France. 2019. “Microplastics in freshwaters and drinking water: Critical review and assessment of data quality.”  Water Research 155:410-422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054.

Koelmans, Albert A., Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Nur Hazimah Mohamed Nor, and Merel Kooi. 2020. “Solving the Nonalignment of Methods and Approaches Used in Microplastic Research to Consistently Characterize Risk.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (19):12307-12315. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02982.

Koelmans, Albert A., Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Nur Hazimah Mohamed Nor, Vera N. de Ruijter, Svenja M. Mintenig, and Merel Kooi. 2022. “Risk assessment of microplastic particles.”  Nature Reviews Materials 7 (2):138-152. doi: 10.1038/s41578-021-00411-y.

Kokalj, Anita Jemec, Nanna B. Hartmann, Damjana Drobne, Annegret Potthoff, and Dana Kühnel. 2021. “Quality of nanoplastics and microplastics ecotoxicity studies: Refining quality criteria for nanomaterial studies.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 415:125751. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125751.

Kokalj, Anita Jemec, Petra Horvat, Tina Skalar, and Andrej Kržan. 2018. “Plastic bag and facial cleanser derived microplastic do not affect feeding behaviour and energy reserves of terrestrial isopods.”  Science of The Total Environment 615:761-766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.020.

Koutnik, Vera S., Jamie Leonard, Sarah Alkidim, Francesca J. DePrima, Sujith Ravi, Eric M. V. Hoek, and Sanjay K. Mohanty. 2021. “Distribution of microplastics in soil and freshwater environments: Global analysis and framework for transport modeling.”  Environmental Pollution 274:116552. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116552.

Koutnik, Vera S., Jamie Leonard, Jaslyn Brar, Shangqing Cao, Joel B. Glasman, Win Cowger, Sujith Ravi, and Sanjay K. Mohanty. 2022. “Transport of microplastics in stormwater treatment systems under freeze-thaw cycles: Critical role of plastic density.”  Water Research 222:118950. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118950.

Koutnik, Vera S., Jamie Leonard, Lea A. El Rassi, Michelle M. Choy, Jaslyn Brar, Joel B. Glasman, Win Cowger, and Sanjay K. Mohanty. 2023. “Children’s playgrounds contain more microplastics than other areas in urban parks.”  Science of The Total Environment 854:158866. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158866.

Krause, Stefan, Viktor Baranov, Holly A. Nel, Jennifer D. Drummond, Anna Kukkola, Timothy Hoellein, Gregory H. Sambrook Smith, Joerg Lewandowski, Berta Bonet, Aaron I. Packman, Jon Sadler, Valentyna Inshyna, Steve Allen, Deonie Allen, Laurent Simon, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, and Iseult Lynch. 2021. “Gathering at the top? Environmental controls of microplastic uptake and biomagnification in freshwater food webs.”  Environmental Pollution 268:115750. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115750.

Kreider, Marisa L., Julie M. Panko, Britt L. McAtee, Leonard I. Sweet, and Brent L. Finley. 2010. “Physical and chemical characterization of tire-related particles: Comparison of particles generated using different methodologies.”  Science of The Total Environment 408 (3):652-659. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.016.

Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy, Fermín Pérez-Guevara, I. Elizalde-Martínez, and V. C. Shruti. 2020a. “Branded milks – Are they immune from microplastics contamination?”  Science of The Total Environment 714:136823. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136823.

Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy, Fermín Pérez-Guevara, I. Elizalde-Martínez, and V. C. Shruti. 2020b. “An overview of recent advances in micro/nano beads and microfibers research: Critical assessment and promoting the less known.”  Science of The Total Environment 740:139991. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139991.

Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy, Fermín Pérez-Guevara, and V. C. Shruti. 2022. “A critical synthesis of current peer-reviewed literature on the environmental and human health impacts of COVID-19 PPE litter: New findings and next steps.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 422:126945. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126945.

Kuwae, Tomohiro, Eiichi Miyoshi, Shinya Hosokawa, Kazuhiko Ichimi, Jun Hosoya, Tatsuya Amano, Toshifumi Moriya, Michio Kondoh, Ronald C. Ydenberg, and Robert W. Elner. 2012. “Variable and complex food web structures revealed by exploring missing trophic links between birds and biofilm.”  Ecology Letters 15 (4):347-356. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01744.x.

La Mantia, F. P., M. Morreale, L. Botta, M. C. Mistretta, M. Ceraulo, and R. Scaffaro. 2017. “Degradation of polymer blends: A brief review.”  Polymer Degradation and Stability 145:79-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.011.

Laist, David W. 1987. “Overview of the biological effects of lost and discarded plastic debris in the marine environment.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 18 (6, Supplement B):319-326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(87)80019-X.

Lambert, Scott, Christian Scherer, and Martin Wagner. 2017. “Ecotoxicity testing of microplastics: Considering the heterogeneity of physicochemical properties.”  Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 13:470-475. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1901.

Lambert, Scott, Chris Sinclair, and Alistair Boxall. 2014. “Occurrence, Degradation, and Effect of Polymer-Based Materials in the Environment.” In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Volume 227, edited by David M. Whitacre, 1-53. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-01327-5_1

Lambert, Scott, and Martin Wagner. 2018. “Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview.” In Freshwater Microplastics : Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, edited by Martin Wagner and Scott Lambert, 1-23. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_1

Lant, Neil J., Margaux M. A. Defaye, Andrew J. Smith, Chimdia Kechi-Okafor, John R. Dean, and Kelly J. Sheridan. 2022. “The impact of fabric conditioning products and lint filter pore size on airborne microfiber pollution arising from tumble drying.”  PLOS ONE 17 (4):e0265912. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265912.

Lares, Mirka, Mohamed Chaker Ncibi, Markus Sillanpää, and Mika Sillanpää. 2018. “Occurrence, identification and removal of microplastic particles and fibers in conventional activated sludge process and advanced MBR technology.”  Water Research 133:236-246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.049.

Lau, Winnie. 2021. “Breaking the Plastic Wave.” Addressing and Managing Plastic Pollution. USEPA Watershed Academy. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/addressing_and_managing_plastic_pollution_april21st_0.pdf.

Laverty, Amanda L., Sebastian Primpke, Claudia Lorenz, Gunnar Gerdts, and Fred C. Dobbs. 2020. “Bacterial biofilms colonizing plastics in estuarine waters, with an emphasis on Vibrio spp. and their antibacterial resistance.”  PLOS ONE 15 (8):e0237704. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237704.

Leads, Rachel R., and John E. Weinstein. 2019. “Occurrence of tire wear particles and other microplastics within the tributaries of the Charleston Harbor Estuary, South Carolina, USA.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 145:569-582. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.061.

Leal Filho, Walter, Amanda Lange Salvia, Aprajita Minhas, Arminda Paço, and Celia Dias-Ferreira. 2021. “The COVID-19 pandemic and single-use plastic waste in households: A preliminary study.”  Science of The Total Environment 793:148571. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148571.

Lebreton, L., B. Slat, F. Ferrari, B. Sainte-Rose, J. Aitken, R. Marthouse, S. Hajbane, S. Cunsolo, A. Schwarz, A. Levivier, K. Noble, P. Debeljak, H. Maral, R. Schoeneich-Argent, R. Brambini, and J. Reisser. 2018. “Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic.”  Scientific Reports 8 (1):4666. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w.

Lebreton, Laurent C. M., Joost van der Zwet, Jan-Willem Damsteeg, Boyan Slat, Anthony Andrady, and Julia Reisser. 2017. “River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans.”  Nature Communications 8 (1):15611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15611.

Lee, Hee-Jee, Nan-Seon Song, Ji-Su Kim, and Seung-Kyu Kim. 2021. “Variation and Uncertainty of Microplastics in Commercial Table Salts: Critical Review and Validation.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 402:123743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123743.

Lee, Hwang, Won Joon Shim, and Jung-Hwan Kwon. 2014. “Sorption capacity of plastic debris for hydrophobic organic chemicals.”  Science of The Total Environment 470-471:1545-1552. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.023.

Lee, Kyun-Woo, Won Joon Shim, Oh Youn Kwon, and Jung-Hoon Kang. 2013. “Size-Dependent Effects of Micro Polystyrene Particles in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus.”  Environmental Science & Technology 47 (19):11278-11283. doi: 10.1021/es401932b.

Lehmann, Anika, Eva F. Leifheit, Maurice Gerdawischke, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2021. “Microplastics have shape- and polymer-dependent effects on soil aggregation and organic matter loss – an experimental and meta-analytical approach.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 1 (1):7. doi: 10.1186/s43591-021-00007-x.

Lehner, Roman, Christoph Weder, Alke Petri-Fink, and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. 2019. “Emergence of Nanoplastic in the Environment and Possible Impact on Human Health.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (4):1748-1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05512.

Leslie, H. A., S. H. Brandsma, M. J. van Velzen, and A. D. Vethaak. 2017. “Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota.”  Environmental International 101:133-142. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.018.

Leslie, Heather A., Martin J. M. van Velzen, Sicco H. Brandsma, A. Dick Vethaak, Juan J. Garcia-Vallejo, and Marja H. Lamoree. 2022. “Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood.”  Environment International 163:107199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107199.

Li, Bing, Yuxiong Huang, Dengting Guo, Yuzhi Liu, Ziyi Liu, Jing-Cheng Han, Jian Zhao, Xiaoshan Zhu, Yuefei Huang, Zhenyu Wang, and Baoshan Xing. 2022. “Environmental risks of disposable face masks during the pandemic of COVID-19: Challenges and management.”  Science of The Total Environment 825:153880. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153880.

Li, Jiana, Amy L. Lusher, Jeanette M. Rotchell, Salud Deudero, Alexander Turra, Inger Lise N. Bråte, Chengjun Sun, M. Shahadat Hossain, Qipei Li, Prabhu Kolandhasamy, and Huahong Shi. 2019. “Using mussel as a global bioindicator of coastal microplastic pollution.”  Environmental Pollution 244:522-533. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.032.

Li, L, Y Luo, R Li, Q Zhou, WJGM Peijnenburg, N Yin, J Yang, C Tu, and Y Zhang. 2020. “Effective uptake of submicrometre plastics by crop plants via a crack-entry mode.”

Li, Lu, Xiaoli Zhao, Zhouyang Li, and Kang Song. 2021. “COVID-19: Performance study of microplastic inhalation risk posed by wearing masks.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 411:124955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124955.

Li, Qipei, Zhihua Feng, Tao Zhang, Cuizhu Ma, and Huahong Shi. 2020. “Microplastics in the commercial seaweed nori.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 388:122060. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122060.

Li, Siyang, Yilin Wang, Lihong Liu, Houwei Lai, Xiancan Zeng, Jianyu Chen, Chang Liu, and Qijin Luo. 2021. “Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in a Coastal Region of the Pearl River Estuary, China.”  Water 13 (12):1618.

Li, Xiaowei, Lubei Chen, Qingqing Mei, Bin Dong, Xiaohu Dai, Guoji Ding, and Eddy Y. Zeng. 2018. “Microplastics in sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in China.”  Water Research 142:75-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.034.

Li, Yubo, Zhibo Lu, Hongyuan Zheng, Juan Wang, and Cheng Chen. 2020. “Microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China.”  Environmental Sciences Europe 32 (1):15. doi: 10.1186/s12302-020-0297-7.

Liang, Yun, Anika Lehmann, Max-Bernhard Ballhausen, Ludo Muller, and Matthias C. Rillig. 2019. “Increasing Temperature and Microplastic Fibers Jointly Influence Soil Aggregation by Saprobic Fungi.”  Frontiers in Microbiology 10. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02018.

Liao, Zhonglu, Xiaoliang Ji, Yuan Ma, Baoqiang Lv, Wei Huang, Xuan Zhu, Mingzhu Fang, Qi Wang, Xuedong Wang, Randy Dahlgren, and Xu Shang. 2021. “Airborne microplastics in indoor and outdoor environments of a coastal city in Eastern China.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 417:126007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126007.

Liebmann, Bettina, Sebastian Köppel, Philipp Königshofer, Theresa Bucsics, Thomas Reiberger, and Philipp Schwabl. 2018. “Assessment of microplastic concentrations in human stool – final results of a prospective study.” Conference on nano and microplastics in technical and freshwater systems, Microplastics, Monte Verità, Ascona, Switzerland.

Lin, Vivian S. 2016. “Research highlights: impacts of microplastics on plankton.”  Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18 (2):160-163. doi: 10.1039/C6EM90004F.

Lipcius, Romuald N., and Russell P. Burke. 2018. “Successful recruitment, survival and long-term persistence of eastern oyster and hooked mussel on a subtidal, artificial restoration reef system in Chesapeake Bay.”  PLOS ONE 13 (10):e0204329. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204329.

Liu, Chunguang, Jia Li, Yilei Zhang, Lei Wang, Jie Deng, Yuan Gao, Lu Yu, Junjie Zhang, and Hongwen Sun. 2019. “Widespread distribution of PET and PC microplastics in dust in urban China and their estimated human exposure.”  Environment International 128:116-124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.024.

Liu, Guangzhou, Zhilin Zhu, Yuxin Yang, Yiran Sun, Fei Yu, and Jie Ma. 2019. “Sorption behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic organic chemicals to virgin and aged microplastics in freshwater and seawater.”  Environmental Pollution 246:26-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.100.

Liu, Haoyu, Lin Tang, Yani Liu, Guangming Zeng, Yue Lu, Jiajia Wang, Jiangfang Yu, and Mingliang Yu. 2019. “Wetland-a hub for microplastic transmission in the global ecosystem.”  Resources, Conservation and Recycling 142:153-154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.11.028.

Liu, Hongfei, Xiaomei Yang, Guobin Liu, Chutao Liang, Sha Xue, Hao Chen, Coen J. Ritsema, and Violette Geissen. 2017. “Response of soil dissolved organic matter to microplastic addition in Chinese loess soil.”  Chemosphere 185:907-917. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.064.

Liu, Kai, Xiaohui Wang, Nian Wei, Zhangyu Song, and Daoji Li. 2019. “Accurate quantification and transport estimation of suspended atmospheric microplastics in megacities: Implications for human health.”  Environment International 132:105127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105127.

Liu, Sitong, Jiafu Shi, Jiao Wang, Yexin Dai, Hongyu Li, Jiayao Li, Xianhua Liu, Xiaochen Chen, Zhiyun Wang, and Pingping Zhang. 2021. “Interactions Between Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments: A Review.”  Frontiers in Microbiology 12. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652520.

Liu, Xiaoya, Huatai Liu, Li Chen, and Xinhong Wang. 2022. “Ecological interception effect of mangroves on microplastics.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 423:127231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127231.

Liu, Zhe, Michelle Adams, and Tony R. Walker. 2018. “Are exports of recyclables from developed to developing countries waste pollution transfer or part of the global circular economy?”  Resources, Conservation and Recycling 136:22-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.005.

Long, Marc, Brivaëla Moriceau, Morgane Gallinari, Christophe Lambert, Arnaud Huvet, Jean Raffray, and Philippe Soudant. 2015. “Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates: Impact on their respective fates.”  Marine Chemistry 175:39-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.04.003.

López, Alexander G., Raymond G. Najjar, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Michael A. Hickner, and Denice H. Wardrop. 2021. “Estuaries as Filters for Riverine Microplastics: Simulations in a Large, Coastal-Plain Estuary.”  Frontiers in Marine Science 8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.715924.

Lu, Yifeng, Yan Zhang, Yongfeng Deng, Wei Jiang, Yanping Zhao, Jinju Geng, Lili Ding, and Hongqiang Ren. 2016. “Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (7):4054-4060. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00183.

Luo, Hongwei, Chenyang Liu, Dongqin He, Juan Xu, Jianqiang Sun, Jun Li, and Xiangliang Pan. 2022. “Environmental behaviors of microplastics in aquatic systems: A systematic review on degradation, adsorption, toxicity and biofilm under aging conditions.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 423:126915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126915.

Lusher, A. L., N. A. Welden, P. Sobral, and M. Cole. 2017. “Sampling, isolating and identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates.”  Analytical Methods 9 (9):1346-1360. doi: 10.1039/C6AY02415G.

Lusher, A. L., N. A. Welden, P. Sobral, and M. Cole. 2020. “Sampling, isolating and identifying microplastics ingested by fish and inve.” In Analysis of Nanoplastics and Microplastics in Food edited by Leo M. L. Nollet and Khwaja Salahuddin Siddiqi, 117-148. CRC Press.

Lusher, A.L, P.C.H Hollman, and J.J. Mendoza-Hill. 2017. “Microplastics in fisheries and aquaculture: status of knowledge on their occurrence and implications for aquatic organisms and food safety. Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 615.” Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/I7677E/I7677E.pdf.

Lv, Xuemin, Qian Dong, Zhiqiang Zuo, Yanchen Liu, Xia Huang, and Wei-Min Wu. 2019. “Microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: Fate, dynamic distribution, removal efficiencies, and control strategies.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 225:579-586. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.321.

Ma, Baiwen, Wenjing Xue, Yanyan Ding, Chengzhi Hu, Huijuan Liu, and Jiuhui Qu. 2019. “Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment.”  Journal of Environmental Sciences 78:267-275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.006.

Ma, Baiwen, Wenjing Xue, Chengzhi Hu, Huijuan Liu, Jiuhui Qu, and Liangliang Li. 2019. “Characteristics of microplastic removal via coagulation and ultrafiltration during drinking water treatment.”  Chemical Engineering Journal 359:159-167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.155.

Mackay, D., and A. Fraser. 2000. “Bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals: mechanisms and models.”  Environmental Pollution 110 (3):375-391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00162-7.

Maes, Thomas, Myra D. Van der Meulen, Lisa I. Devriese, Heather A. Leslie, Arnaud Huvet, Laura Frère, Johan Robbens, and A. Dick Vethaak. 2017. “Microplastics Baseline Surveys at the Water Surface and in Sediments of the North-East Atlantic.”  Frontiers in Marine Science 4. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00135.

Maghsodian, Zeinab, Ali Mohamad Sanati, Bahman Ramavandi, Ahmad Ghasemi, and George A. Sorial. 2021. “Microplastics accumulation in sediments and Periophthalmus waltoni fish, mangrove forests in southern Iran.”  Chemosphere 264:128543. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128543.

Mahon, A. M., B. O’Connell, M. G. Healy, I. O’Connor, R. Officer, R. Nash, and L. Morrison. 2017. “Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: Effects of Treatment.”  Environmental Science & Technology 51 (2):810-818. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04048.

Mak, Chu Wa, Yiu Yuen Tsang, Matthew Ming-Lok Leung, James Kar-Hei Fang, and King Ming Chan. 2020. “Microplastics from effluents of sewage treatment works and stormwater discharging into the Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 157:111181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111181.

Mammo, F. K., I. D. Amoah, K. M. Gani, L. Pillay, S. K. Ratha, F. Bux, and S. Kumari. 2020. “Microplastics in the environment: Interactions with microbes and chemical contaminants.”  Science of The Total Environment 743:140518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140518.

Martin, C., F. Baalkhuyur, L. Valluzzi, V. Saderne, M. Cusack, H. Almahasheer, P. K. Krishnakumar, L. Rabaoui, M.A. Qurban, A. Arias-Ortiz, P. Masqué, and C. M. Duarte. 2020. “Exponential increase of plastic burial in mangrove sediments as a major plastic sink.”  Science Advances 6 (44):eaaz5593. doi: doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz5593.

Martindale, S., S. B.  Weisberg, and S. Coffin. 2020. “Status of Legislation and Regulatory Drivers for Microplastics in California. Technical Report 1133.” Horiba. Irvine, CA. http://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/TechnicalReports/1133_MicroplasticDrivers.pdf.

Massey, Rachel, Lindsey Pollard, Zhenyu Tian, and Sarah Evans. 2022. Environmental health impacts of synthetic turf and safer alternatives. Collaborative on Health and the Environment (CHE). https://www.healthandenvironment.org/webinars/96595.

Masura, Julie, Joel Baker, Gregory  Foster, and Courtney Arthur. 2015. “Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-48.” Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/10296.

Mateos-Cárdenas, Alicia, John O’Halloran, Frank N. A. M. van Pelt, and Marcel A. K. Jansen. 2020. “Rapid fragmentation of microplastics by the freshwater amphipod Gammarus duebeni (Lillj.).”  Scientific Reports 10 (1):12799. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69635-2.

Mattsson, K., L. A. Hansson, and T. Cedervall. 2015. “Nano-plastics in the aquatic environment.”  Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17 (10):1712-1721. doi: 10.1039/C5EM00227C.

Mbachu, Oluchi, Graham Jenkins, Chris Pratt, and Prasad Kaparaju. 2020. “A New Contaminant Superhighway? A Review of Sources, Measurement Techniques and Fate of Atmospheric Microplastics.”  Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231 (2):85. doi: 10.1007/s11270-020-4459-4.

McIlwraith, Hayley K., Joel Kim, Paul Helm, Satyendra P. Bhavsar, Jeremy S. Metzger, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2021. “Evidence of Microplastic Translocation in Wild-Caught Fish and Implications for Microplastic Accumulation Dynamics in Food Webs.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (18):12372-12382. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02922.

McIntyre, Jenifer K., Jasmine Prat, James Cameron, Jillian Wetzel, Emma Mudrock, Katherine T. Peter, Zhenyu Tian, Cailin Mackenzie, Jessica Lundin, John D. Stark, Kennith King, Jay W. Davis, Edward P. Kolodziej, and Nathaniel L. Scholz. 2021. “Treading Water: Tire Wear Particle Leachate Recreates an Urban Runoff Mortality Syndrome in Coho but Not Chum Salmon.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (17):11767-11774. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03569.

McLaughlin, K., R..  Mazor, K. Schiff, and L. Thornton-Hampton. 2022. ” Southern California Bight 2018 Regional Monitoring Program: Volume IX. Trash and Marine Debris. Technical Report #1263.” Costa Mesa, CA.: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project. https://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/TechnicalReports/1263_Bight18Trash.pdf.

MD DNR. 2022. “Blue crab winter dredge survey.” Maryland Department of Natural Resources, accessed 20 June, 2022. https://dnr.maryland.gov/fisheries/pages/blue-crab/dredge.aspx.

Mehinto, Alvina C. 2021. “Microplastics effects in the ambient environment.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project. http://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/Microplastics/HealthEffects/ReportOut_Mehinto.pdf.

Mehinto, Alvine C., Scott Coffin, Albert A. Koelmans, Susanne M. Brander, Martin Wagner, Leah M. Thornton Hampton, Allen G. Burton, Ezra Miller, Todd Gouin, Stephen B. Weisberg, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2022. “Risk-based management framework for microplastics in aquatic ecosystems.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):17. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00033-3.

Meides, Nora, Teresa Menzel, Björn Poetzschner, Martin G. J. Löder, Ulrich Mansfeld, Peter Strohriegl, Volker Altstaedt, and Jürgen Senker. 2021. “Reconstructing the Environmental Degradation of Polystyrene by Accelerated Weathering.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (12):7930-7938. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07718.

Mejía, Alma Chávez, Abraham Chávez Velasco, Paloma Zaragoza Sánchez, and Blanca Jiménez Cisneros. 2017. “Photo-Oxidation Treatment of the Reject Stream of a Nanofiltration Membrane System.” In Membranes: Materials, Simulations, and Applications, edited by Alfredo Maciel-Cerda, 105-111. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-45315-6_12

Mendes, I. S. F., A. Prates, and D. V. Evtuguin. 2021. “Production of rayon fibres from cellulosic pulps: State of the art and current developments.”  Carbohydrate Polymers 273:118466. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118466.

Mercogliano, Raffaelina, Carlo Giacomo Avio, Francesco Regoli, Aniello Anastasio, Giampaolo Colavita, and Serena Santonicola. 2020. “Occurrence of Microplastics in Commercial Seafood under the Perspective of the Human Food Chain. A Review.”  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68 (19):5296-5301. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01209.

Merlino, Silvia, Marina Locritani, Mascha Stroobant, Erika Mioni, and Daniela Tosi. 2015. “SeaCleaner: Focusing Citizen Science and Environment Education on Unraveling the Marine Litter Problem.”  Marine Technology Society Journal 49 (4):99-118. doi: 10.4031/MTSJ.49.4.3.

Miller, Ezra, Meg Sedlak, Diana Lin, Carolynn Box, Christopher Holleman, Chelsea M. Rochman, and Rebecca Sutton. 2021. “Recommended best practices for collecting, analyzing, and reporting microplastics in environmental media: Lessons learned from comprehensive monitoring of San Francisco Bay.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 409:124770. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124770.

Miller, Michaela E., Mark Hamann, and Frederieke J. Kroon. 2020. “Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of microplastics in marine organisms: A review and meta-analysis of current data.”  PLOS ONE 15 (10):e0240792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240792.

Mintenig, S. M., M. G. J. Löder, S. Primpke, and G. Gerdts. 2019. “Low numbers of microplastics detected in drinking water from ground water sources.”  The Science of the Total Environment 648:631-635. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.178.

Mohamed Nor, Nur Hazimah, Merel Kooi, Noël J. Diepens, and Albert A. Koelmans. 2021. “Lifetime Accumulation of Microplastic in Children and Adults.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (8):5084-5096. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07384.

Mokrzycki, Eugeniusz, and Alicja Uliasz- Bochenczyk. 2003. “Alternative fuels for the cement industry.”  Applied Energy 74 (1-2). doi: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v74y2003i1-2p95-100.html.

Monikh, Fazel Abdolahpur , Sille Holm, Raine Kortet, Mandar Bandekar, Jukka Kekäläinen, Arto Koistinen, Jari T. T. Leskinen, Jarkko Akkanen, Hannu Huuskonen, Anu Valtonen, Lan Dupuis, Willie Peijnenburg, Iseult Lynch, Eugenia Valsami-Jones, and Jussi V. K. Kukkonen. 2022. “Quantifying the trophic transfer of sub-micron plastics in an assembled food chain.”  Nano Today 46:101611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101611.

Monteiro, Raqueline C. P., Juliana A. Ivar do Sul, and Monica F. Costa. 2018. “Plastic pollution in islands of the Atlantic Ocean.”  Environmental Pollution 238:103-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.096.

Moore, Charles James. 2008. “Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat.”  Environmental Research 108 (2):131-139. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.025.

Moore, Charles, Gwendolyn Lattin, and Ann Zellers. 2005. “Working our way upstream: A snapshot of land-based contributions of plastic and other trash to coastal waters and beaches of southern california.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252467052_WORKING_OUR_WAY_UPSTREAM_A_SNAPSHOT_OF_LAND-BASED_CONTRIBUTIONS_OF_PLASTIC_AND_OTHER_TRASH_TO_COASTAL_WATERS_AND_BEACHES_OF_SOUTHERN_CALIFORNIA.

Moran, K., E. Miller, Mendez M., S. Moore, A. Gilbreath, Sutton R., and D Lin. 2021. “Synthesis of microplastic sources and pathways to urban runoff. SFEI Technical Report: SFEI Contribution #1049.” Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute. https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/Final_OPC_MP_Stormwater_Conceptual_Models_Report.pdf.

Moreira, Fabiana Tavares, Alessandro Lívio Prantoni, Bruno Martini, Michelle Alves de Abreu, Sérgio Biato Stoiev, and Alexander Turra. 2016. “Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on sandy beaches: Methodological considerations for estimating the input of microplastics.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 102 (1):114-121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.051.

Morgan, S. E., and L. A. DeLouise. 2020. “Further studies in translatable model systems are needed to predict the impacts of human microplastic exposure.”  Open Access J Toxicol 4 (3):79-82. doi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7644109/.

Moser, Kurt, Tessa Naughton-Rockwell, Louisa Wang, Ethan Litmans, and Amanda Manoogian. 2020. “Assessing Microplastic Pollution in Four Mile Run, an Urban Stream in Northern Virginia.”  Virginia Journal of Science 71 (1). doi: 10.25778/ghvj-gb62.

Muhonja, Christabel Ndahebwa, Huxley Makonde, Gabriel Magoma, and Mabel Imbuga. 2018. “Biodegradability of polyethylene by bacteria and fungi from Dandora dumpsite Nairobi-Kenya.”  PLOS ONE 13 (7):e0198446. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198446.

Muise, Isaac. 2016. “Evaluation of agricultural plastics waste management in Nova Scotia: Identifying barriers to and opportunities for improving disposal practices.” Master of Environmental Studies, Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University.

Murashov, Vladimir, Charles L. Geraci, Paul A. Schulte, and John Howard. 2021. “Nano- and microplastics in the workplace.”  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18 (10-11):489-494. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1976413.

Murphy, Bob, Jennifer Flippin, Ryan Woodland, and Paige Hobaugh. 2021. “Microplastic Monitoring & Science Strategy for the Chesapeake Bay.” Tetra Tech/US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/channel_files/41941/v._microplastic_monitoring_and_science_strategy_for_the_chesapeake_bay.pdf.

Murphy, Fionn, Ciaran Ewins, Frederic Carbonnier, and Brian Quinn. 2016. “Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) as a Source of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (11):5800-5808. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05416.

Napper, Imogen E., Adil Bakir, Steven J. Rowland, and Richard C. Thompson. 2015. “Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 99 (1):178-185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.029.

NASEM. 2021. “Microplastics from food and water: State of the science and potential impacts on human health.” National Academies of Sciences Engineering Medicine. https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/12-08-2021/microplastics-from-food-and-water-state-of-the-science-and-potential-impacts-on-human-health.

NASEM. 2022. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste. Washington, DC: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26132/reckoning-with-the-us-role-in-global-ocean-plastic-waste.

New York Times. 2022. “Coronavirus world map: Tracking the global outbreak.” New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-cases.html.

Ng, Ee-Ling, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Simon M. Eldridge, Priscilla Johnston, Hang-Wei Hu, Violette Geissen, and Deli Chen. 2018. “An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems.”  Science of The Total Environment 627:1377-1388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341.

Nghiem, Long D., Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, and Jakub Zdarta. 2021. “The shadow pandemic of single use personal protective equipment plastic waste: A blue print for suppression and eradication.”  Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 4:100125-100125. doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100125.

Nguyen, Brian, Dominique Claveau-Mallet, Laura M. Hernandez, Elvis Genbo Xu, Jeffrey M. Farner, and Nathalie Tufenkji. 2019. “Separation and Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Complex Environmental Samples.”  Accounts of Chemical Research 52 (4):858-866. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00602.

Niaounakis, Michael. 2015. “Chapter 2 – Properties.” In Biopolymers: Processing and Products, edited by Michael Niaounakis, 79-116. Oxford: William Andrew Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-26698-7.00002-7

Nicole, Wendee 2021. “Microplastics in Seafood: How Much Are People Eating?”  Environmental Health Perspectives 129 (3):034001. doi: doi:10.1289/EHP8936.

Nielsen, Tobias D., Jacob Hasselbalch, Karl Holmberg, and Johannes Stripple. 2020. “Politics and the plastic crisis: A review throughout the plastic life cycle.”  WIREs Energy and Environment 9 (1):e360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.360.

Nikiema, Josiane, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Zipporah Asiedu, Dalia Saad, and B Lamizana. 2020. “Water pollution by plastics and microplastics: a review of technical solutions from source to sea.” Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110544.

Nizzetto, Luca, Gianbattista Bussi, Martyn N. Futter, Dan Butterfield, and Paul G. Whitehead. 2016. “A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments.”  Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18 (8):1050-1059. doi: 10.1039/C6EM00206D.

Nizzetto, Luca, Martyn Futter, and Sindre Langaas. 2016. “Are Agricultural Soils Dumps for Microplastics of Urban Origin?”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (20):10777-10779. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04140.

Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 2022. “Tools: Portable Catamaran Drone (PCD).” Plastiverse. https://www.plastiverse.org/tools/portable-catamaran-drone.

Novotna, Katerina, Lenka Cermakova, Lenka Pivokonska, Tomas Cajthaml, and Martin Pivokonsky. 2019. “Microplastics in drinking water treatment – Current knowledge and research needs.”  Science of The Total Environment 667:730-740. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.431.

Novotny, TE, SA Bialous, K Hill, L Hamzai, M Beutel, E Hoh, J Mock, and GE Matt. 2022. “Tobacco product waste in California: A white paper.” California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health.

Nuelle, Marie-Theres, Jens H. Dekiff, Dominique Remy, and Elke Fries. 2014. “A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments.”  Environmental Pollution 184:161-169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027.

Nurdle Patrol. 2022. “Home page.” accessed 17 June, 2022. https://nurdlepatrol.org/Forms/Home/index.php.

O’Connor, David, Shizhen Pan, Zhengtao Shen, Yinan Song, Yuanliang Jin, Wei-Min Wu, and Deyi Hou. 2019. “Microplastics undergo accelerated vertical migration in sand soil due to small size and wet-dry cycles.”  Environmental Pollution 249:527-534. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.092.

O’Kelly, Brendan C., Abbas El-Zein, Xiaoli Liu, Anjan Patel, Xunchang Fei, Susmita Sharma, Arif Mohammad, i Venkata Siva Naga Sai Gol, Jing Jing Wang, Dunzhu Li, Yunhong Shi, Liwen Xiao, Ganaraj Kuntikana, Bettadapura Subramanyam Shashank, Theo S Sarris, Rao Bendadi Hanumantha, Abdel Mohsen O Mohamed, Evan K Paleologos, Mohaddeseh Mousavi Nezhad, and Devendra N Singh. 2021. “Microplastics in soils: an environmental geotechnics perspective.”  Environmental Geotechnics 8 (8):586-618. doi: 10.1680/jenge.20.00179.

Oberbeckmann, Sonja, Martin G. J. Löder, and Matthias Labrenz. 2015. “Marine microplastic-associated biofilms – a review.”  Environmental Chemistry 12 (5):551-562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15069.

Oberbeckmann, Sonja, Martin G.J. Loeder, Gunnar Gerdts, and A. Mark Osborn. 2014. “Spatial and seasonal variation in diversity and structure of microbial biofilms on marine plastics in Northern European waters.”  FEMS Microbiology Ecology 90 (2):478-492. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12409.

Ocean Conservancy. 2022. “Fighting for trash free seas. 2022 International Coastal Cleanup.” Ocean Conservancy, accessed 14 October, 2022. https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/international-coastal-cleanup/icc/.

Ojeda, Telmo, Ana Freitas, Kátia Birck, Emilene Dalmolin, Rodrigo Jacques, Fátima Bento, and Flávio Camargo. 2011. “Degradability of linear polyolefins under natural weathering.”  Polymer Degradation and Stability 96 (4):703-707. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.12.004.

Okoffo, Elvis D., Erica Donner, Steve P. McGrath, Benjamin J. Tscharke, Jake W. O’Brien, Stacey O’Brien, Francisca Ribeiro, Stephen D. Burrows, Tania Toapanta, Cassandra Rauert, Saer Samanipour, Jochen F. Mueller, and Kevin V. Thomas. 2021. “Plastics in biosolids from 1950 to 2016: A function of global plastic production and consumption.”  Water Research 201:117367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117367.

Oliveira, Thiago M. B. F., Francisco W. P. Ribeiro, Simone Morais, Pedro de Lima-Neto, and Adriana N. Correia. 2022. “Removal and sensing of emerging pollutants released from (micro)plastic degradation: Strategies based on boron-doped diamond electrodes.”  Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 31:100866. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100866.

Oliveri Conti, Gea, Margherita Ferrante, Mohamed Banni, Claudia Favara, Ilenia Nicolosi, Antonio Cristaldi, Maria Fiore, and Pietro Zuccarello. 2020. “Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population.”  Environmental Research 187:109677. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677.

Olshammar, Mikael, Lisette Graae, Ardo Robijn, and Frtijof Nilsson. 2021. “Microplastic from cast rubber granulate and granulate-free artificial grass surfaces. Report 7021.” Stockholm, Sweden: The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1663995/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

Osofsky, Hari M. 2004. “Learning from environmental justice: a new model for international environmental rights. Environmental values (1991-2002).”  Stanford Environmental Law Journal 24 (1).

Owens, K. A. 2018. “Using experiential marine debris education to make an impact: Collecting debris, informing policy makers, and influencing students.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 127:804-810. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.004.

Paço, Ana, Kátia Duarte, João P. da Costa, Patrícia S. M. Santos, R. Pereira, M. E. Pereira, Ana C. Freitas, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos. 2017. “Biodegradation of polyethylene microplastics by the marine fungus Zalerion maritimum.”  Science of The Total Environment 586:10-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.017.

Padervand, Mohsen, Eric Lichtfouse, Didier Robert, and Chuanyi Wang. 2020. “Removal of microplastics from the environment. A review.”  Environmental Chemistry Letters 18 (3):807-828. doi: 10.1007/s10311-020-00983-1.

Panko, Julie M., Jennifer Chu, Marisa L. Kreider, and Ken M. Unice. 2013. “Measurement of airborne concentrations of tire and road wear particles in urban and rural areas of France, Japan, and the United States.”  Atmospheric Environment 72:192-199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.040.

Panko, Julie M., Kristen M. Hitchcock, Gary W. Fuller, and David Green. 2019. “Evaluation of Tire Wear Contribution to PM2.5 in Urban Environments.”  Atmosphere 10 (2):99.

Panno, Samuel V., Walton R. Kelly, John Scott, Wei Zheng, Rachel E. McNeish, Nancy Holm, Timothy J. Hoellein, and Elizabeth L. Baranski. 2019. “Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems.”  Groundwater 57 (2):189-196. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12862.

Parrish, Kathleen, and N. L. Fahrenfeld. 2019. “Microplastic biofilm in fresh- and wastewater as a function of microparticle type and size class.”  Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5 (3):495-505. doi: 10.1039/C8EW00712H.

Parsons. 2019. “Remedial action completion report. Hudson river PCBs superfund site.” https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-04/documents/hudson_river_ra_completion_report_march_2019.pdf.

Pathak, Vinay Mohan, and Navneet. 2017. “Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach.”  Bioresources and Bioprocessing 4 (1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40643-017-0145-9.

Pathan, Shamina Imran, Paola Arfaioli, Tommaso Bardelli, Maria Teresa Ceccherini, Paolo Nannipieri, and Giacomo Pietramellara. 2020. “Soil Pollution from Micro- and Nanoplastic Debris: A Hidden and Unknown Biohazard.”  Sustainability 12 (18):7255.

Patrício Silva, Ana L. 2021. “New frontiers in remediation of (micro)plastics.”  Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 28:100443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2020.100443.

Patrício Silva, Ana L., Joana C. Prata, Catherine Mouneyrac, Damià Barcelò, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2021. “Risks of Covid-19 face masks to wildlife: Present and future research needs.”  Science of The Total Environment 792:148505. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148505.

Patrício Silva, Ana L., Joana C. Prata, Tony R. Walker, Diana Campos, Armando C. Duarte, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Damià Barcelò, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2020. “Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment.”  Science of The Total Environment 742:140565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140565.

Patrício Silva, Ana L., Joana C. Prata, Tony R. Walker, Armando C. Duarte, Wei Ouyang, Damià Barcelò, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2021. “Increased plastic pollution due to COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations.”  Chemical Engineering Journal 405:126683. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683.

Paul, Maxi B., Valerie Stock, Julia Cara-Carmona, Elisa Lisicki, Sofiya Shopova, Valérie Fessard, Albert Braeuning, Holger Sieg, and Linda Böhmert. 2020. “Micro- and nanoplastics – current state of knowledge with the focus on oral uptake and toxicity.”  Nanoscale Advances 2 (10):4350-4367. doi: 10.1039/D0NA00539H.

Pauly, J. L., S. J. Stegmeier, H. A. Allaart, R. T. Cheney, P. J. Zhang, A. G. Mayer, and R. J. Streck. 1998. “Inhaled cellulosic and plastic fibers found in human lung tissue.”  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention 7 (5):419-28.

Pedà, Cristina, Letteria Caccamo, Maria Cristina Fossi, Francesco Gai, Franco Andaloro, Lucrezia Genovese, Anna Perdichizzi, Teresa Romeo, and Giulia Maricchiolo. 2016. “Intestinal alterations in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to microplastics: Preliminary results.”  Environmental Pollution 212:251-256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.083.

Peixoto, Diogo, Carlos Pinheiro, João Amorim, Luís Oliva-Teles, Lúcia Guilhermino, and Maria Natividade Vieira. 2019. “Microplastic pollution in commercial salt for human consumption: A review.”  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 219:161-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.018.

Peng, Yiming, Peipei Wu, Amina T. Schartup, and Yanxu  Zhang. 2021. “Plastic waste release caused by COVID-19 and its fate in the global ocean.”  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (47):e2111530118. doi: doi:10.1073/pnas.2111530118.

PEPH. 2020. Enviornmental Health Chat. In Microplastic Pollution and Human Health, edited by Mark Hahn: Partnership for Environmental Public Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Pereao, Omoniyi, Beatrice Opeolu, and Olalekan Fatoki. 2020. “Microplastics in aquatic environment: characterization, ecotoxicological effect, implications for ecosystems and developments in South Africa.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (18):22271-22291. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08688-2.

Perera, Lumala Nelum, and Menake E. Piyasena. 2022. “Acoustic focusing of microplastics in microfabricated and steel tube devices: An experimental study on the effects from particle size and medium density.”  Separation and Purification Technology 288:120649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120649.

Pérez-Reverón, Raquel, Javier González-Sálamo, Cintia Hernández-Sánchez, Miguel González-Pleiter, Javier Hernández-Borges, and Francisco J. Díaz-Peña. 2022. “Recycled wastewater as a potential source of microplastics in irrigated soils from an arid-insular territory (Fuerteventura, Spain).”  Science of The Total Environment 817:152830. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152830.

Perren, William, Arkadiusz Wojtasik, and Qiong Cai. 2018. “Removal of Microbeads from Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation.”  ACS Omega 3 (3):3357-3364. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02037.

Peters, Annette, Bellina Veronesi, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Peter Gehr, Lung Chi Chen, Marianne Geiser, William Reed, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Samuel Schürch, and Holger Schulz. 2006. “Translocation and potential neurological effects of fine and ultrafine particles a critical update.”  Particle and Fibre Toxicology 3 (1):13. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-3-13.

Petersen, Fritz, and Jason A. Hubbart. 2021. “The occurrence and transport of microplastics: The state of the science.”  Science of The Total Environment 758:143936. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143936.

Pew Charitable Trust. 2020. “Breaking the plastic wave. A comprehensive assessment of pathways towards stopping ocean plastic pollution.” Pew Charitable Trust. https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2020/10/breakingtheplasticwave_mainreport.pdf.

Phonsy, P. D., Anju. S. G., K. P. Jyothi, Suguna Yesodharan, and E. P. Yesodharan. 2015. “Semiconductor Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of Plastics and Recalcitrant Organic Pollutants in Water: Effect of Additives and Fate of Insitu Formed H2O2.”  Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies 18 (1):85-97. doi: doi:10.1515/jaots-2015-0111.

Piehl, Sarah, Anna Leibner, Martin G. J. Löder, Rachid Dris, Christina Bogner, and Christian Laforsch. 2018. “Identification and quantification of macro- and microplastics on an agricultural farmland.”  Scientific Reports 8 (1):17950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36172-y.

Pironti, Concetta, Maria Ricciardi, Oriana Motta, Ylenia Miele, Antonio Proto, and Luigi Montano. 2021. “Microplastics in the Environment: Intake through the Food Web, Human Exposure and Toxicological Effects.”  Toxics 9 (9):224.

Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Hooshyar Hossini, and Pouran Makhdoumi. 2020. “Review of microplastic occurrence and toxicological effects in marine environment: Experimental evidence of inflammation.”  Process Safety and Environmental Protection 142:1-14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.050.

Pivokonsky, M., L. Cermakova, K. Novotna, P. Peer, T. Cajthaml, and V. Janda. 2018. “Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water.”  Science of the Total Environment 643:1644-1651. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102.

Plappally, Anand K., and John H. Lienhard. 2013. “Costs for water supply, treatment, end-use and reclamation.”  Desalination and Water Treatment 51 (1-3):200-232. doi: 10.1080/19443994.2012.708996.

Pohl, Florian, Joris T. Eggenhuisen, Ian A. Kane, and Michael A. Clare. 2020. “Transport and Burial of Microplastics in Deep-Marine Sediments by Turbidity Currents.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (7):4180-4189. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07527.

Porter, Adam, Kathryn E. Smith, and Ceri Lewis. 2019. “The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a bioeroder of plastic.”  Science of The Total Environment 693:133621. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133621.

Post and Courier Editorial Staff. 2022. “$1 million settlement underscores need for nurdles regulation, SPA openness.” Post and Courier, June 7, 2022. https://www.postandcourier.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-1-million-settlement-underscores-need-for-nurdles-regulation-spa-openness/article_0b6a82d2-7d52-11eb-b870-33d9ae32f721.html.

Potter, Phillip M. 2021. “Microplastics: emerging trends and research gaps.” ACS Spring 2021 National Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, April 5-16, 2021.

Poulikakos, L. D., C. Papadaskalopoulou, B. Hofko, F. Gschösser, A. Cannone Falchetto, M. Bueno, M. Arraigada, J. Sousa, R. Ruiz, C. Petit, M. Loizidou, and M. N. Partl. 2017. “Harvesting the unexplored potential of European waste materials for road construction.”  Resources, Conservation & Recycling 116 (C):32-44. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.008.

Powell, Jonathan J., Nuno Faria, Emma Thomas-McKay, and Laetitia C. Pele. 2010. “Origin and fate of dietary nanoparticles and microparticles in the gastrointestinal tract.”  Journal of Autoimmunity 34 (3):J226-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.006.

Powell, Jonathan J., Vinay Thoree, and Laetitia C. Pele. 2007. “Dietary microparticles and their impact on tolerance and immune responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract.”  British Journal of Nutrition 98 (S1):S59-S63. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507832922.

Prajapati, Saurabh, Michael Beal, Jason Maley, and Markus Brinkmann. 2021. “Qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics and microfiber contamination in effluents of the City of Saskatoon wastewater treatment plant.”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (25):32545-32553. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12898-7.

Prata, Joana C., Ana L. P. Silva, Tony R. Walker, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2020. “COVID-19 Pandemic Repercussions on the Use and Management of Plastics.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (13):7760-7765. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02178.

Prata, Joana C., Ana L. Patrício Silva, João P. da Costa, Catherine Mouneyrac, Tony R. Walker, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2019. “Solutions and Integrated Strategies for the Control and Mitigation of Plastic and Microplastic Pollution.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (13):2411. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132411.

Prata, Joana Correia. 2018. “Airborne microplastics: Consequences to human health?”  Environmental Pollution 234:115-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.043.

Prata, Joana Correia, João P. da Costa, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos. 2019. “Methods for sampling and detection of microplastics in water and sediment: A critical review.”  TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 110:150-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.029.

Prata, Joana Correia, João P. da Costa, Isabel Lopes, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. 2020. “Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects.”  Science of The Total Environment 702:134455. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134455.

Prendergast-Miller, Miranda T., Andreas Katsiamides, Mustafa Abbass, Stephen R. Sturzenbaum, Karen L. Thorpe, and Mark E. Hodson. 2019. “Polyester-derived microfibre impacts on the soil-dwelling earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.”  Environmental Pollution 251:453-459. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.037.

Primpke, S., M. Wirth, C. Lorenz, and G. Gerdts. 2018. “Reference database design for the automated analysis of microplastic samples based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.”  Analytical and  Bioanalytical Chemistry 410 (21):5131-5141. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1156-x.

Primpke, Sebastian, Richard K. Cross, Svenja M. Mintenig, Marta Simon, Alvise Vianello, Gunnar Gerdts, and Jes Vollertsen. 2020. “Toward the Systematic Identification of Microplastics in the Environment: Evaluation of a New Independent Software Tool (siMPle) for Spectroscopic Analysis.”  Applied Spectroscopy 74 (9):1127-1138. doi: 10.1177/0003702820917760.

Pukclai, Piyatida. 2020. “Microplastics in agriculture: Challenges for regulation.”  AgriBusiness Global 34 (4).

Qi, Yueling, Adam Ossowicki, Xiaomei Yang, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Francisco Dini-Andreote, Violette Geissen, and Paolina Garbeva. 2020. “Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat rhizosphere and soil properties.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 387:121711. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121711.

Qin, Fen, Jing Du, Jian Gao, Guiying Liu, Yonggang Song, Aifu Yang, Hong Wang, Yuan Ding, and Qian Wang. 2020. “Bibliometric Profile of Global Microplastics Research from 2004 to 2019.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (16):5639.

Rabot, E., M. Wiesmeier, S. Schlüter, and H. J. Vogel. 2018. “Soil structure as an indicator of soil functions: A review.”  Geoderma 314:122-137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.009.

Rafiee, Mohammad, Leila Dargahi, Akbar Eslami, Elmira Beirami, Mahsa Jahangiri-rad, Siamak Sabour, and Fatemeh Amereh. 2018. “Neurobehavioral assessment of rats exposed to pristine polystyrene nanoplastics upon oral exposure.”  Chemosphere 193:745-753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.076.

Ragoobur, Doorgha, Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga, and Geeta Devi Somaroo. 2021. “Microplastics in agricultural soils, wastewater effluents and sewage sludge in Mauritius.”  Science of The Total Environment 798:149326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149326.

Ragusa, Antonio, Valentina Notarstefano, Alessandro Svelato, Alessia Belloni, Giorgia Gioacchini, Christine Blondeel, Emma Zucchelli, Caterina De Luca, Sara D’Avino, Alessandra Gulotta, Oliana Carnevali, and Elisabetta Giorgini. 2022. “Raman Microspectroscopy Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Human Breastmilk.”  Polymers 14 (13):2700.

Ragusa, Antonio, Alessandro Svelato, Criselda Santacroce, Piera Catalano, Valentina Notarstefano, Oliana Carnevali, Fabrizio Papa, Mauro Ciro Antonio Rongioletti, Federico Baiocco, Simonetta Draghi, Elisabetta D’Amore, Denise Rinaldo, Maria Matta, and Elisabetta Giorgini. 2021. “Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta.”  Environment International 146:106274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106274.

Rahman, Arifur, Atanu Sarkar, Om Prakash Yadav, Gopal Achari, and Jaroslav Slobodnik. 2021. “Potential human health risks due to environmental exposure to nano- and microplastics and knowledge gaps: A scoping review.”  Science of The Total Environment 757:143872. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.

Re, Viviana. 2019. “Shedding light on the invisible: addressing the potential for groundwater contamination by plastic microfibers.”  Hydrogeology Journal 27 (7):2719-2727. doi: 10.1007/s10040-019-01998-x.

Revel, Messika, Amélie Châtel, and Catherine Mouneyrac. 2018. “Micro(nano)plastics: A threat to human health?”  Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1:17-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.003.

Ribeiro, Francisca, Elvis D. Okoffo, Jake W. O’Brien, Sarah Fraissinet-Tachet, Stacey O’Brien, Michael Gallen, Saer Samanipour, Sarit Kaserzon, Jochen F. Mueller, Tamara Galloway, and Kevin V. Thomas. 2020. “Quantitative Analysis of Selected Plastics in High-Commercial-Value Australian Seafood by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (15):9408-9417. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02337.

Rillig, Matthias C. 2012. “Microplastic in Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Soil?”  Environmental Science & Technology 46 (12):6453-6454. doi: 10.1021/es302011r.

Rillig, Matthias C. 2018. “Microplastic Disguising As Soil Carbon Storage.”  Environmental Science & Technology 52 (11):6079-6080. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02338.

Rillig, Matthias C., Lisa Ziersch, and Stefan Hempel. 2017. “Microplastic transport in soil by earthworms.”  Scientific Reports 7 (1):1362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01594-7.

Roager, Line, and Eva C. Sonnenschein. 2019. “Bacterial Candidates for Colonization and Degradation of Marine Plastic Debris.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (20):11636-11643. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02212.

Rochman, Chelsea M. 2015. “The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment.” In Marine Anthropogenic Litter, edited by Melanie Bergmann, Lars Gutow and Michael Klages. Springer Open. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3

Rochman, Chelsea M., Cole Brookson, Jacqueline Bikker, Natasha Djuric, Arielle Earn, Kennedy Bucci, Samantha Athey, Aimee Huntington, Hayley McIlwraith, Keenan Munno, Hannah De Frond, Anna Kolomijeca, Lisa Erdle, Jelena Grbic, Malak Bayoumi, Stephanie B. Borrelle, Tina Wu, Samantha Santoro, Larissa M. Werbowski, Xia Zhu, Rachel K. Giles, Bonnie M. Hamilton, Clara Thaysen, Ashima Kaura, Natasha Klasios, Lauren Ead, Joel Kim, Cassandra Sherlock, Annissa Ho, and Charlotte Hung. 2019. “Rethinking microplastics as a diverse contaminant suite.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 38 (4):703-711. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4371.

Rochman, Chelsea M., Eunha Hoh, Tomofumi Kurobe, and Swee J. Teh. 2013. “Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress.”  Scientific Reports 3 (1):3263. doi: 10.1038/srep03263.

Rochman Lab. 2022. “Microplastic spectral libraries. SLoPP and SLoPP-E: Raman spectral libraries.” University of Toronto, accessed 7 June, 2020. https://rochmanlab.wordpress.com/spectral-libraries-for-microplastics-research/.

Rodriguez-Seijo, A., J. Lourenço, T. A. P. Rocha-Santos, J. da Costa, A. C. Duarte, H. Vala, and R. Pereira. 2017. “Histopathological and molecular effects of microplastics in Eisenia andrei Bouché.”  Environmental Pollution 220:495-503. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.092.

Rodríguez-Seijo, Andrés, Bruna Santos, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Anabela Cachada, and Ruth Pereira. 2019. “Low-density polyethylene microplastics as a source and carriers of agrochemicals to soil and earthworms.”  Environmental Chemistry 16 (1):8-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/EN18162.

Rodríguez, N. Husillos, S. Martínez Ramírez, M. T. Blanco Varela, M. Guillem, J. Puig, E. Larrotcha, and J. Flores. 2010. “Re-use of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) sludge: Characterization and technological behaviour of cement mortars with atomized sludge additions.”  Cement and Concrete Research 40 (5):778-786. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.11.012.

Rosato, Dominick V., Donald V. Rosato, and Matthew V. Rosato. 2004. “15 – REINFORCED PLASTIC.” In Plastic Product Material and Process Selection Handbook, edited by Dominick V. Rosato, Donald V. Rosato and Matthew V. Rosato, 455-496. Oxford: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-185617431-2/50018-9

Sahajwalla, Veena, and Vaibhav Gaikwad. 2018. “The present and future of e-waste plastics recycling.”  Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 13:102-107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.06.006.

Samidurai, K., A. Saravanakumar, and K. Kathiresan. 2012. “Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos in different mangrove ecosystems of Tamil Nadu Coast, India.”  Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184 (7):4079-4096. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2245-x.

SAPEA. 2019. “A Scientific Perspective on Microplastics in Nature and Society.” Berlin: Science Advice for Policy by European Academies. https://doi.org/10.26356/microplastics.

Sathicq, María Belén, Raffaella Sabatino, Gianluca Corno, and Andrea Di Cesare. 2021. “Are microplastic particles a hotspot for the spread and the persistence of antibiotic resistance in aquatic systems?”  Environmental Pollution 279:116896. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116896.

Sax, Leonard. 2010. “Polyethylene Terephthalate: Sax Responds.”  Environmental Health Perspectives 118 (5):A197-A197. doi: doi:10.1289/ehp.1001986R.

SCCWRP. 2021. “Microplastics Health Effects Workshop.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, accessed 9 June, 2022. https://www.sccwrp.org/about/research-areas/additional-research-areas/trash-pollution/microplastics-health-effects-webinar-series/.

SCCWRP. 2022a. “SCCWRP Microplastics Portal.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Projet, accessed 19 June, 2022. https://microplastics.sccwrp.org/.

SCCWRP. 2022b. “SCCWRP workshop series.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project. SpringerOpen, accessed 15 October, 2022. https://www.springeropen.com/collections/sccwrp.

Scherer, Christian, Raoul Wolf, Johannes Völker, Friederike Stock, Nicole Brennhold, Georg Reifferscheid, and Martin Wagner. 2020. “Toxicity of microplastics and natural particles in the freshwater dipteran Chironomus riparius: Same same but different?”  Science of The Total Environment 711:134604. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134604.

Schmid, C., L. Cozzarini, and E. Zambello. 2021. “Microplastic’s story.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 162:111820. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111820.

Schneider, D. R., and A. M. Ragossnig. 2015. “Recycling and incineration, contradiction or coexistence?”  Waste Management & Research 33 (8):693-695. doi: 10.1177/0734242×15593421.

Schwabl, P., S. Köppel, P. Königshofer, T. Bucsics, M. Trauner, T. Reiberger, and B. Liebmann. 2019. “Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool: A Prospective Case Series.”  Annals of Internal Medicine 171 (7):453-457. doi: 10.7326/m19-0618.

Science History Institute. 2022. “Science of plastics.” Science History Institute, accessed May 12, 2022. https://www.sciencehistory.org/science-of-plastics.

Scircle, A., J. V. Cizdziel, L. Tisinger, T. Anumol, and D. Robey. 2020. “Occurrence of Microplastic Pollution at Oyster Reefs and Other Coastal Sites in the Mississippi Sound, USA: Impacts of Freshwater Inflows from Flooding.”  Toxics 8 (2). doi: 10.3390/toxics8020035.

Scopetani, Costanza, Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt, David Chelazzi, Alessandra Cincinelli, Heikki Setälä, and Stephan Pflugmacher. 2020. “Self-contamination from clothing in microplastics research.”  Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 189:110036. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110036.

Scott, John W., Kathryn G. Gunderson, Lee A. Green, Richard R. Rediske, and Alan D. Steinman. 2021. “Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) Associated with Microplastics in a Lake Environment.”  Toxics 9 (5):106.

Selonen, Salla, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Lyndon N. A. Sackey, Tina Skalar, Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Diana Rede, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Rachel Hurley, Luca Nizzetto, and Cornelis A. M. van Gestel. 2021. “Exploring the impacts of microplastics and associated chemicals in the terrestrial environment – Exposure of soil invertebrates to tire particles.”  Environmental Research 201:111495. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111495.

Selonen, Salla, Andraž Dolar, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Tina Skalar, Lidia Parramon Dolcet, Rachel Hurley, and Cornelis A. M. van Gestel. 2020. “Exploring the impacts of plastics in soil – The effects of polyester textile fibers on soil invertebrates.”  Science of The Total Environment 700:134451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134451.

Selonen, Salla, Anita Jemec Kokalj, Hiba Benguedouar, Somayye Sadat Alavian Petroody, Andraž Dolar, Damjana Drobne, and Cornelis A. M. van Gestel. 2023. “Modulation of chlorpyrifos toxicity to soil arthropods by simultaneous exposure to polyester microfibers or tire particle microplastics.”  Applied Soil Ecology 181:104657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104657.

SERI. 2021. “R2 Certified facilities.” Sustainable Electronics Recycling International. https://sustainableelectronics.org/find-an-r2-certified-facility/.

Servedio, Mike. 2020. “Recycling 101.” The Academy of Natural Sciences at Drexel University, accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.anspblog.org/recycling-101/#:~:text=In%20January%202019%2C%20we%20learned,%2C%20stopping%20in%20Spring%202019.).

Setälä, Outi, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen, and Maiju Lehtiniemi. 2014. “Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web.”  Environmental Pollution 185:77-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.013.

Setälä, Outi, Maiju Lehtiniemi, Rachel Coppock, and Matthew Cole. 2018. “Chapter 11 – Microplastics in Marine Food Webs.” In Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments, edited by Eddy Y. Zeng, 339-363. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813747-5.00011-4

Shahul Hamid, F., M. S. Bhatti, N. Anuar, N. Anuar, P. Mohan, and A. Periathamby. 2018. “Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: How dire is the situation?”  Waste Management & Research 36 (10):873-897. doi: 10.1177/0734242×18785730.

Shams, Mehnaz, Iftaykhairul Alam, and Md Shahriar Mahbub. 2021. “Plastic pollution during COVID-19: Plastic waste directives and its long-term impact on the environment.”  Environmental Advances 5:100119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100119.

Sharma, Virender K., Xingmao Ma, Binglin Guo, and Kaiyi Zhang. 2021. “Environmental factors-mediated behavior of microplastics and nanoplastics in water: A review.”  Chemosphere 271:129597. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129597.

Shen, Maocai, Tong Hu, Wei Huang, Biao Song, Meng Qin, Huan Yi, Guangming Zeng, and Yaxin Zhang. 2021. “Can incineration completely eliminate plastic wastes? An investigation of microplastics and heavy metals in the bottom ash and fly ash from an incineration plant.”  Science of The Total Environment 779:146528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146528.

Shen, Maocai, Zhuotong Zeng, Biao Song, Huan Yi, Tong Hu, Yaxin Zhang, Guangming Zeng, and Rong Xiao. 2021. “Neglected microplastics pollution in global COVID-19: Disposable surgical masks.”  Science of The Total Environment 790:148130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148130.

Shi, Jingyun, Yingbo Dong, Yuanyuan Shi, Tingting Yin, Wei He, Tongyan An, Yalu Tang, Xuewen Hou, Shijia Chong, Danni Chen, Kangjia Qin, and Hai Lin. 2022. “Groundwater antibiotics and microplastics in a drinking-water source area, northern China: Occurrence, spatial distribution, risk assessment, and correlation.”  Environmental Research 210:112855. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.112855.

Shruti, V. C., Fermín Pérez-Guevara, I. Elizalde-Martínez, and Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy. 2020. “First study of its kind on the microplastic contamination of soft drinks, cold tea and energy drinks – Future research and environmental considerations.”  Science of The Total Environment 726:138580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138580.

Singh, Baljit, and Nisha Sharma. 2008. “Mechanistic implications of plastic degradation.”  Polymer Degradation and Stability 93 (3):561-584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.008.

Singh, Rohit Kumar, and Biswajit Ruj. 2015. “Plasticwaste management and disposal techniques – Indian scenario.”  International Journal of Plastics Technology 19:211-226.

Skåre, Janneche Utne, Jan Alexander, Marte Haave, Ignacy Jakubowicz, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Amy Lusher, Martin Ogonowski, Kirsten Eline Rakkestad, Ida Skaar, Line Emilie Tvedt Sverdrup, Wagner; Martin, Angelika Agdestein, Johanna Eva Bodin, Edel O. Elvevoll, Gro-Ingunn Hemre, Dag Olav Hessen, Merete Hofshagen, Trine Husøy, Åshild Krogdahl, Asbjørn Magne Nilsen, Trond Rafoss, Taran Skjerdal, Inger-Lise Steffensen, Tor A. Strand, Vigdis Vandvik, and Yngvild  Wasteson. 2019. “Microplastics; occurrence, levels and implications for environment and human health related to food. Scientific opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM report 2019:16.” Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). https://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/16566/article.pdf?sequence=2.

Smith, Emily, Michael Dziewatkoski, Tarrah Henrie, Chad Seidel, and Jeffrey Rosen. 2019. “Microplastics: What Drinking Water Utilities Need to Know.”  Journal AWWA 111 (11):26-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1393.

Smith, Madeleine, David C. Love, Chelsea M. Rochman, and Roni A. Neff. 2018. “Microplastics in Seafood and the Implications for Human Health.”  Current Environmental Health Reports 5 (3):375-386. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0206-z.

Sobhani, Zahra, Logeshwaran Panneerselvan, Cheng Fang, Ravi Naidu, and Mallavarapu Megharaj. 2021. “Chronic and Transgenerational Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations in Earthworms (Eisenia fetida).”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 40 (8):2240-2246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5072.

Solis, Martyna, and Semida Silveira. 2020. “Technologies for chemical recycling of household plastics – A technical review and TRL assessment.”  Waste Management 105:128-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.038.

State of California. 2007. “AB 258, Krekorian. Water quality: plastic discharges.” Sacramento, CA: Californis State Legislature. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=200720080AB258.

State of California. 2015. “AB 888, Bloom. Waste management: plastic microbeads.” Sacramento, CA: California State Legislature. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB888.

State of California. 2018a. “SB 1263, Portantino. Ocean Protection Council: Statewide Microplastics Strategy.” State of California. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1263.

State of California. 2018b. “SB 1422, Portantino. California Safe Drinking Water Act: microplastics.” Sacramento, CA: California State Legislature. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1422.

State of California. 2022. SB 54. Plastic Pollution Prevention and Packaging Producer Responsibility Act. California State Legislature.

State of Maine. 2021. “LD 1541 (HP 1146) “An act to support and improve municipal recycling programs and save taxpayer money” Sponsored by representative nicole grohoski.” State of Maine. https://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280080518.

Steer, Madeleine, Matthew Cole, Richard C. Thompson, and Penelope K. Lindeque. 2017. “Microplastic ingestion in fish larvae in the western English Channel.”  Environmental Pollution 226:250-259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.062.

Stefaniak, Aleksandr B., Ryan F. LeBouf, Jinghai Yi, Jason Ham, Timothy Nurkewicz, Diane E. Schwegler-Berry, Bean T. Chen, J. Raymond Wells, Matthew G. Duling, Robert B. Lawrence, Stephen B. Martin, Alyson R. Johnson, and M. Abbas Virji. 2017. “Characterization of chemical contaminants generated by a desktop fused deposition modeling 3-dimensional Printer.”  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 14 (7):540-550. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1302589.

Stephens, Brent, Parham Azimi, Zeineb El Orch, and Tiffanie Ramos. 2013. “Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers.”  Atmospheric Environment 79:334-339. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.050.

Stienbarger, Cheyenne D., Jincy Joseph, Samantha N. Athey, Bonnie Monteleone, Anthony L. Andrady, Wade O. Watanabe, Pamela Seaton, Alison R. Taylor, and Susanne M. Brander. 2021. “Direct ingestion, trophic transfer, and physiological effects of microplastics in the early life stages of Centropristis striata, a commercially and recreationally valuable fishery species.”  Environmental Pollution 285:117653. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117653.

Stock, Valerie, Linda Böhmert, Elisa Lisicki, Rafael Block, Julia Cara-Carmona, Laura Kim Pack, Regina Selb, Dajana Lichtenstein, Linn Voss, Colin J. Henderson, Elke Zabinsky, Holger Sieg, Albert Braeuning, and Alfonso Lampen. 2019. “Uptake and effects of orally ingested polystyrene microplastic particles in vitro and in vivo.”  Archives of Toxicology 93 (7):1817-1833. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02478-7.

Stoett, P. 2016. “The oceans plastic crisis, global governance, and development norms.” 2016 ANCUS Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May 18, 2016.

Straub, Sandrine, Philipp E. Hirsch, and Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2017. “Biodegradable and petroleum-based microplastics do not differ in their ingestion and excretion but in their biological effects in a freshwater invertebrate Gammarus fossarum.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14 (7):774.

Su, Lei, Bingxu Nan, Nicholas J. Craig, and Vincent Pettigrove. 2020. “Temporal and spatial variations of microplastics in roadside dust from rural and urban Victoria, Australia: Implications for diffuse pollution.”  Chemosphere 252:126567. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126567.

Su, Yinglong, Zhongjian Zhang, Dong Wu, Lu Zhan, Huahong Shi, and Bing Xie. 2019. “Occurrence of microplastics in landfill systems and their fate with landfill age.”  Water Research 164:114968. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114968.

Su, Yu, Xi Hu, Hongjie Tang, Kun Lu, Huimin Li, Sijin Liu, Baoshan Xing, and Rong Ji. 2022. “Steam disinfection releases micro(nano)plastics from silicone-rubber baby teats as examined by optical photothermal infrared microspectroscopy.”  Nature Nanotechnology 17 (1):76-85. doi: 10.1038/s41565-021-00998-x.

Sun, Jing, Xiaohu Dai, Qilin Wang, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, and Bing-Jie Ni. 2019. “Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Detection, occurrence and removal.”  Water Research 152:21-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.050.

Sun, Shuge, Wei Shi, Yu Tang, Yu Han, Xueying Du, Weishang Zhou, Weixia Zhang, Changsen Sun, and Guangxu Liu. 2021. “The toxic impacts of microplastics (MPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on haematic parameters in a marine bivalve species and their potential mechanisms of action.”  Science of The Total Environment 783:147003. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147003.

Sutton, R., D. Lin, M. Sedlak, C. Box, A. Gilbreath, R. Holleman, L. Miller, A. Wong, K. Munno, and X. Zhu. 2019. “Understanding microplastic levels, pathways, and transport in the San Francisco Bay region. SFEI Contribution No. 950.” Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute. https://www.sfei.org/documents/understanding-microplastics.

Sutton, Rebecca, Sherri A. Mason, Shavonne K. Stanek, Ellen Willis-Norton, Ian F. Wren, and Carolynn Box. 2016. “Microplastic contamination in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 109 (1):230-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.077.

Tagg, Alexander S., Melanie Sapp, Jesse P. Harrison, and Jesús J. Ojeda. 2015. “Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging.”  Analytical Chemistry 87 (12):6032-6040. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495.

Talvitie, Julia, Anna Mikola, Arto Koistinen, and Outi Setälä. 2017. “Solutions to microplastic pollution – Removal of microplastics from wastewater effluent with advanced wastewater treatment technologies.”  Water Research 123:401-407. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005.

Tamargo, Alba, Natalia Molinero, Julián J. Reinosa, Victor Alcolea-Rodriguez, Raquel Portela, Miguel A. Bañares, Jose F. Fernández, and M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas. 2022. “PET microplastics affect human gut microbiota communities during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, first evidence of plausible polymer biodegradation during human digestion.”  Scientific Reports 12 (1):528. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04489-w.

Tang, Ye, Suhua Zhang, Yinglong Su, Dong Wu, Yaping Zhao, and Bing Xie. 2021. “Removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions by magnetic carbon nanotubes.”  Chemical Engineering Journal 406:126804. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126804.

Tesfaldet, Yacob T., and Nji T. Ndeh. 2022. “Assessing face masks in the environment by means of the DPSIR framework.”  Science of The Total Environment 814:152859. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152859.

Tetra Tech, Inc. 2021. “Preliminary conceptual model for an ecological risk assessment for microplastics on striped bass in the Potomac River estuary.” Owings Mills, MD: Tetra Tech/US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.chesapeakebay.net/documents/FINAL_ERA_02102021.pdf.

Teuten, Emma L., Jovita M. Saquing, Detlef R. U. Knappe, Morton A. Barlaz, Susanne Jonsson, Annika Björn, Steven J. Rowland, Richard C. Thompson, Tamara S. Galloway, Rei Yamashita, Daisuke Ochi, Yutaka Watanuki, Charles Moore, Pham Hung Viet, Touch Seang Tana, Maricar Prudente, Ruchaya Boonyatumanond, Mohamad P. Zakaria, Kongsap Akkhavong, Yuko Ogata, Hisashi Hirai, Satoru Iwasa, Kaoruko Mizukawa, Yuki Hagino, Ayako Imamura, Mahua Saha, and Hideshige Takada. 2009. “Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife.”  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526):2027-2045. doi: doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0284.

The New School. 2019. “U.S. Municipal solid waste incinerators: an industry in decline.” The New School. Tishman Environment and Design Center. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d14dab43967cc000179f3d2/t/5d5c4bea0d59ad00012d220e/1566329840732/CR_GaiaReportFinal_05.21.pdf.

The Recycling Partnership. 2020. “State of curbside recycling report.” The Recycling Partnership. https://recyclingpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2020/02/2020-State-of-Curbside-Recycling.pdf.

Thompson, Richard C., Ylva Olsen, Richard P. Mitchell, Anthony Davis, Steven J. Rowland, Anthony W. G. John, Daniel McGonigle, and Andrea E. Russell. 2004. “Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic?”  Science 304 (5672):838-838. doi: doi:10.1126/science.1094559.

Thompson, Richard C., Shanna H. Swan, Charles J. Moore, and Frederick S. vom Saal. 2009. “Our plastic age.”  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526):1973-1976. doi: doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0054.

Thornton Hampton, Leah M., Heili Lowman, Scott Coffin, Emily Darin, Hannah De Frond, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Ezra Miller, Vera N. de Ruijter, Andrea Faltynkova, Syd Kotar, Laura Monclús, Samreen Siddiqui, Johannes Völker, Susanne Brander, Albert A. Koelmans, Chelsea M. Rochman, Martin Wagner, and Alvine C. Mehinto. 2022. “A living tool for the continued exploration of microplastic toxicity.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2 (1):13. doi: 10.1186/s43591-022-00032-4.

Thornton, Joe. 2002. “Environmental impacts of polyvinyl chloride building materials. A Healthy Building Network Report.” Washington, DC: Healthy Building Network. https://healthybuilding.net/uploads/files/environmental-impacts-of-polyvinyl-chloride-building-materials.pdf.

Tian, Zhenyu, Haoqi Zhao, Katherine T. Peter, Melissa Gonzalez, Jill Wetzel, Christopher Wu, Ximin Hu, Jasmine Prat, Emma Mudrock, Rachel Hettinger, Allan E. Cortina, Rajshree Ghosh Biswas, Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock, Ronald Soong, Amy Jenne, Bowen Du, Fan Hou, Huan He, Rachel Lundeen, Alicia Gilbreath, Rebecca Sutton, Nathaniel L. Scholz, Jay W. Davis, Michael C. Dodd, Andre Simpson, Jenifer K. McIntyre, and Edward P. Kolodziej. 2021. “A ubiquitous tire rubber-derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon.”  Science 371 (6525):185-189. doi: doi:10.1126/science.abd6951.

Tierra Solutions Inc. 2013. “Final Construction Report – Phase I Removal Action. CERCLA Non-Time-Critical Removal Action. Lower Passaic River Study Area.”

Torres-Agullo, A., A. Karanasiou, T. Moreno, and S. Lacorte. 2021. “Overview on the occurrence of microplastics in air and implications from the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.”  Science of The Total Environment 800:149555. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149555.

Tourinho, Paula S., Vladimír Kočí, Susana Loureiro, and Cornelis A. M. van Gestel. 2019. “Partitioning of chemical contaminants to microplastics: Sorption mechanisms, environmental distribution and effects on toxicity and bioaccumulation.”  Environmental Pollution 252:1246-1256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.030.

Tourinho, Paula S., Ana Rita R. Silva, Cátia S.A. Santos, Marija Prodana, Violeta Ferreira, Giyaullah Habibullah, Vladimír Kočí, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel, and Susana Loureiro. 2022. “Microplastic Fibers Increase Sublethal Effects of AgNP and AgNO3 in Daphnia magna by Changing Cellular Energy Allocation.”  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 41 (4):896-904. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5136.

Treilles, Robin, Johnny Gasperi, Mohamed Saad, Jérôme Breton, Vincent Rocher, Sabrina Guerin, and Bruno TASSIN. 2019. “Macro and Microplastics in Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflows in Paris Megacity.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, Capri, Italy, 2019-09-15.

Tullo, Alexander H. 2019. “Plastic has a problem; is chemical recycling the solution?”. Chemical and Engineering News. American Chemical Council, accessed 9 October, 2022. https://cen.acs.org/environment/recycling/Plastic-problem-chemical-recycling-solution/97/i39.

Tunnell, Jace W., Kelly H. Dunning, Lindsay P. Scheef, and Kathleen M. Swanson. 2020. “Measuring plastic pellet (nurdle) abundance on shorelines throughout the Gulf of Mexico using citizen scientists: Establishing a platform for policy-relevant research.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 151:110794. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110794.

Turner, Andrew, and Montserrat Filella. 2021. “Hazardous metal additives in plastics and their environmental impacts.”  Environment International 156:106622. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106622.

Turrell, W. R. 2018. “A simple model of wind-blown tidal strandlines: How marine litter is deposited on a mid-latitude, macro-tidal shelf sea beach.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 137:315-330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.024.

Uddin, Saif, Scott W. Fowler, and Montaha Behbehani. 2020. “An assessment of microplastic inputs into the aquatic environment from wastewater streams.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 160:111538. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111538.

Uheida, Abdusalam, Hugo Giraldo Mejía, Mohamed Abdel-Rehim, Wael Hamd, and Joydeep Dutta. 2021. “Visible light photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics in a continuous water flow system.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 406:124299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124299.

UNEP. 2019. “Marine litter and environmental justice.” United Nations Environmental Program. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/marine-litter-and-environmental-justice.

UNEP. 2021a. “Neglected: Environmental justice impacts of marine litter and plastic pollution. Job No: DEL/2350/NA.” Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Program. https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/35417/EJIPP.pdf.

UNEP. 2021b. “Policies, regulations and strategies in Latin America and the Caribbean to prevent marine litter and plastic waste. Information Report to the XXII LAC Forum of Ministers of Environment UNEP – Latin America and the Caribbean Office.” United Nations Environment Programme. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34931/Marine_EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

UNEP. 2022a. “End plastic pollution: Towards an international legally binding instrument. UNEA Resolution 5/14.” United Nations Environment Programme. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/39812/OEWG_PP_1_INF_1_UNEA%20resolution.pdf#:~:text=Resolution%20adopted%20by%20the%20United%20Nations%20Environment%20Assembly,plastic%20pollution%3A%20towards%20an%20international%20legally%20binding%20instrument.

UNEP. 2022b. “United Nations Envrironment Programme.” UN Environment Programme, accessed 18 October, 2022. https://www.unep.org/.

Unice, K. M., M. P. Weeber, M. M. Abramson, R. C. D. Reid, J. A. G. van Gils, A. A. Markus, A. D. Vethaak, and J. M. Panko. 2019. “Characterizing export of land-based microplastics to the estuary – Part I: Application of integrated geospatial microplastic transport models to assess tire and road wear particles in the Seine watershed.”  Science of The Total Environment 646:1639-1649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.368.

Unice, Ken M., Marisa L. Kreider, and Julie M. Panko. 2013. “Comparison of Tire and Road Wear Particle Concentrations in Sediment for Watersheds in France, Japan, and the United States by Quantitative Pyrolysis GC/MS Analysis.”  Environmental Science & Technology 47 (15):8138-8147. doi: 10.1021/es400871j.

United Nations. 2017. “2017 UN world water development report, wastewater: The untapped resource.” United Nations Development Programme. https://www.undp.org/saudi-arabia/publications/2017-un-world-water-development-report-wastewater-untapped-resource?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Brand_English&utm_campaign=CENTRAL&c_src=CENTRAL&c_src2=GSR&gclid=Cj0KCQjwy5maBhDdARIsAMxrkw2Yi6eX6a597_0sfcl-Q0arxgNVZAkhCxW5QSCq8OaieAFDH2b6F9EaAmhJEALw_wcB.

United Nations. 2022. “Only one Earth.” United Nations, accessed 10 June, 2022. https://www.un.org/en/observances/environment-day.

United Nations Environment Assembly. 2022. “End plastic pollution: Towards an international legally binding instrument – Resolution adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly on 2 March 2022 [UNEP/EA.5/Res.14].” https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/40597.

United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. 2019. “San Antonio Bay Estuarine Waterkeeper and S. Diane Wilson, Plaintiffs vs. Formosa Plastics Corp., Texas, and Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, Defendants. Civil Action No. 6:17-CV-47.” United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas. Victoria Division. https://mbmtrust.com/media/oxrhnrph/final-consent-decree-signed_12-06-2019.pdf.

USEPA. 1996. “SW-846 Test Method 8275A: Semivolatile organic compounds in soil/sludges and solid wastes using thermal extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TE/GC/MS).” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-test-method-8275a-semivolatile-organic-compounds-soilsludges-and-solid-wastes-using?msclkid=9f217d09cf0511ec99cf3c4ff106cd8f.

USEPA. 1999. “Biosolids Management Handbook.” P-W-P, 999 18th Street, Denver, CO 80202-2466: U.S. EPA Region VIII. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/handbook1.pdf.

USEPA. 2005. “Using Smart Growth Techniques as Stormwater Best Management Practices.” US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2014-04/documents/stormwater-best-management-practices.pdf.

USEPA. 2006. “Guidance on systematic planning using the data quality objectives process. EPA QA/G-4. EPA/240/B-06/001.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/g4-final.pdf.

USEPA. 2015. “Summary of expert discussion forum on possible human health risks from microplastics in the marine environment. EPA Forum convened on April 23, 2014.” US Environmental Protection Agency, Marine Pollution Control Branch. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-02/documents/trash_free_waters_microplastics_expert_forum_meeting_summary_2-6-15.pdf.

USEPA. 2016. “Electronic products generation and recycling in the United States, 2013 and 2014.” US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-12/documents/electronic_products_generation_and_recycling_2013_2014_11282016_508.pdf.

USEPA. 2018. “Guide to air cleaners in the home. 2nd edition. Portable air cleaners, furnace and HVAC filters. EPA 402-F-08-004.” Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2018-07/documents/guide_to_air_cleaners_in_the_home_2nd_edition.pdf.

USEPA. 2020. “National coastal condition assessment 2020. Field operations manual. EPA 841-F-19-005.” Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/ncca_2020_fom_version_1.2.pdf.

USEPA. 2021a. “50th anniversary timeline. Tribes and EPA: Over 50 years of environmental partnership.” US Environmental Protection Agency, accessed 5 October, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/tribal/50th-anniversary-timeline.

USEPA. 2021b. “Learn about environmental justice.” Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/learn-about-environmental-justice.

USEPA. 2021c. “National recycling strategy. Part one of a series on building a circular economy for all. EPA 530-R-21-003.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-11/final-national-recycling-strategy.pdf.

USEPA. 2022a. “Advancing sustainable materials management: Facts and figures report.” US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/advancing-sustainable-materials-management.

USEPA. 2022b. “Bipartisan Infrastructure Law SRF Memorandum.” US Environmental Protection Agency, accessed 14 October. 2022. https://www.epa.gov/dwsrf/bipartisan-infrastructure-law-srf-memorandum.

USEPA. 2022c. “Containers and packaging: Product-specific data.” US Environmental Protection Agency accessed 14 October, 2022. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/containers-and-packaging-product-specific.

USEPA. 2022d. “ECOTOX Knowledgebase.” US Environmental Protection Agency, accessed 13 June, 2022. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/.

USEPA. 2022e. “EJ Action Plan. Building Up Environmental Justice in EPA’s Land Protection and Cleanup Programs. EPA 502/P-21/001.” US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-09/OLEM-EJ-Action-Plan_9.2022_FINAL-508.pdf.

USEPA. 2022f. “Stormwater discharges from municipal sources.” US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater-discharges-municipal-sources.

USEPA. 2022g. “Sustainable materials management: Non-hazardous materials and waste management hierarchy.” US Environmental Protection Agency, accessed 13 December, 2022. https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-non-hazardous-materials-and-waste-management-hierarchy.

Vaezi, Mohammad, Srisit Chianrabutra, Brian Mellor, and Shoufeng Yang. 2013. “Multiple material additive manufacturing – Part 1: a review.”  Virtual and Physical Prototyping 8 (1):19-50. doi: 10.1080/17452759.2013.778175.

Van Cauwenberghe, Lisbeth, Lisa Devriese, François Galgani, Johan Robbens, and Colin R. Janssen. 2015. “Microplastics in sediments: A review of techniques, occurrence and effects.”  Marine Environmental Research 111:5-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.007.

Van Cauwenberghe, Lisbeth, and Colin R. Janssen. 2014. “Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption.”  Environmental Pollution 193:65-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.010.

Van Cauwenberghe, Lisbeth, Ann Vanreusel, Jan Mees, and Colin R. Janssen. 2013. “Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments.”  Environmental Pollution 182:495-499. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.013.

van den Berg, Pim, Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga, Fabio Corradini, and Violette Geissen. 2020. “Sewage sludge application as a vehicle for microplastics in eastern Spanish agricultural soils.”  Environmental Pollution 261:114198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114198.

van der Velde, Tonya, David A. Milton, T. J. Lawson, Chris Wilcox, Matt Lansdell, Geraldine Davis, Genevieve Perkins, and Britta Denise Hardesty. 2017. “Comparison of marine debris data collected by researchers and citizen scientists: Is citizen science data worth the effort?”  Biological Conservation 208:127-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.025.

van Dijk, F., S. Song, G.W.A van Eck, X. Wu, I.S.T. Bos, D.H.A. Boom, I.M. Kooter, D.C.J. Spierings, R. Wardenaar, M. Cole, A. Salvati, R. Gosens, and B.N. Melgert. 2021. “Inhalable textile microplastic fibers impair lung repair.”  bioRxiv:2021.01.25.428144. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.25.428144.

van Praagh, Martijn, Cornelia Hartman, and Emma Brandmyr. 2018. “Microplastics in landfill leachates in the nordic countries.” Copenhagen, Denmark: TemaNord. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1277395/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

van Sebille, Erik, Stefano Aliani, Kara Lavender Law, Nikolai Maximenko, José M. Alsina, Andrei Bagaev, Melanie Bergmann, Bertrand Chapron, Irina Chubarenko, Andrés Cózar, Philippe Delandmeter, Matthias Egger, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Shungudzemwoyo P. Garaba, Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy, Britta Denise Hardesty, Matthew J. Hoffman, Atsuhiko Isobe, Cleo E. Jongedijk, Mikael L. A. Kaandorp, Liliya Khatmullina, Albert A. Koelmans, Tobias Kukulka, Charlotte Laufkötter, Laurent Lebreton, Delphine Lobelle, Christophe Maes, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Miguel Angel Morales Maqueda, Marie Poulain-Zarcos, Ernesto Rodríguez, Peter G. Ryan, Alan L. Shanks, Won Joon Shim, Giuseppe Suaria, Martin Thiel, Ton S. van den Bremer, and David Wichmann. 2020. “The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris.”  Environmental Research Letters 15 (2):023003. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab6d7d.

Velimirovic, Milica, Kristof Tirez, Sandra Verstraelen, Evelien Frijns, Sylvie Remy, Gudrun Koppen, Anna Rotander, Eduardo Bolea-Fernandez, and Frank Vanhaecke. 2021. “Mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of indoor airborne microplastics and nanoplastics.”  Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 36 (4):695-705. doi: 10.1039/D1JA00036E.

Vermaire, Jesse C., Carrington Pomeroy, S Herczegh, Owen Haggart, and Meaghan T. Murphy. 2017. “Microplastic abundance and distribution in the open water and sediment of the Ottawa River, Canada, and its tributaries.” FACETS. https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/10.1139/facets-2016-0070.

Vethaak, A. Dick, and Juliette Legler. 2021. “Microplastics and human health.”  Science 371 (6530):672-674. doi: doi:10.1126/science.abe5041.

Vethaak, A. Dick, and Heather A. Leslie. 2016. “Plastic Debris Is a Human Health Issue.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (13):6825-6826. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02569.

Vianello, Alvise, Rasmus Lund Jensen, Li Liu, and Jes Vollertsen. 2019. “Simulating human exposure to indoor airborne microplastics using a Breathing Thermal Manikin.”  Scientific Reports 9 (1):8670. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45054-w.

Vieira, Yasmin, Eder C. Lima, Edson Luiz Foletto, and Guilherme Luiz Dotto. 2021. “Microplastics physicochemical properties, specific adsorption modeling and their interaction with pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants.”  Science of The Total Environment 753:141981. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141981.

Wagner, Stephan, Thorsten Hüffer, Philipp Klöckner, Maren Wehrhahn, Thilo Hofmann, and Thorsten Reemtsma. 2018. “Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment – A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects.”  Water Research 139:83-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.051.

Walker, Tony R., and Dirk Xanthos. 2018. “A call for Canada to move toward zero plastic waste by reducing and recycling single-use plastics.”  Resources, Conservation and Recycling 133:99-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.02.014.

Wang, Can, Jiefa Yu, Ying Lu, Di Hua, Xiao Wang, and Xuehua Zou. 2021. “Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?”  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (47):66511-66518. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16435-4.

Wang, Fang, Yu Wang, Leilei Xiang, Marc Redmile-Gordon, Chenggang Gu, Xinglun Yang, Xin Jiang, and Damià Barceló. 2022. “Perspectives on ecological risks of microplastics and phthalate acid esters in crop production systems.”  Soil Ecology Letters 4 (2):97-108. doi: 10.1007/s42832-021-0092-4.

Wang, Fen, Charles S. Wong, Da Chen, Xingwen Lu, Fei Wang, and Eddy Y. Zeng. 2018. “Interaction of toxic chemicals with microplastics: A critical review.”  Water Research 139:208-219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.003.

Wang, Jiao, Xianhua Liu, Yang Li, Trevor Powell, Xin Wang, Guangyi Wang, and Pingping Zhang. 2019. “Microplastics as contaminants in the soil environment: A mini-review.”  Science of The Total Environment 691:848-857. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.209.

Wang, Qintong, Carmen Hernández-Crespo, Benben Du, Stijn W. H. Van Hulle, and Diederik P. L. Rousseau. 2021. “Fate and removal of microplastics in unplanted lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands.”  Science of The Total Environment 778:146152. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146152.

Wang, Wenfeng, and Jun Wang. 2018a. “Comparative evaluation of sorption kinetics and isotherms of pyrene onto microplastics.”  Chemosphere 193:567-573. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.078.

Wang, Wenfeng, and Jun Wang. 2018b. “Investigation of microplastics in aquatic environments: An overview of the methods used, from field sampling to laboratory analysis.”  TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 108:195-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.026.

Wanner, Philipp. 2021. “Plastic in agricultural soils – A global risk for groundwater systems and drinking water supplies? – A review.”  Chemosphere 264:128453. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128453.

Ward, J. Evan, Shiye Zhao, Bridget A. Holohan, Kayla M. Mladinich, Tyler W. Griffin, Jennifer Wozniak, and Sandra E. Shumway. 2019. “Selective Ingestion and Egestion of Plastic Particles by the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Implications for Using Bivalves as Bioindicators of Microplastic Pollution.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (15):8776-8784. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02073.

Weber, Collin J., Alexander Santowski, and Peter Chifflard. 2022. “Investigating the dispersal of macro- and microplastics on agricultural fields 30 years after sewage sludge application.”  Scientific Reports 12 (1):6401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10294-w.

Welle, Frank, and Roland Franz. 2018. “Microplastic in bottled natural mineral water – literature review and considerations on exposure and risk assessment.”  Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35 (12):2482-2492. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1543957.

Wen, Dishi, Yiyang Chen, Yazhi Tong, Han Wang, Haibo Zhang, and Yongming Luo. 2021. “Quantification of Microplastics in Soils Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction: Comparison with a Visual Sorting Method.”  Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 107 (4):770-777. doi: 10.1007/s00128-021-03200-z.

Werbowski, Larissa M., Alicia N. Gilbreath, Keenan Munno, Xia Zhu, Jelena Grbic, Tina Wu, Rebecca Sutton, Margaret D. Sedlak, Ashok D. Deshpande, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2021. “Urban Stormwater Runoff: A Major Pathway for Anthropogenic Particles, Black Rubbery Fragments, and Other Types of Microplastics to Urban Receiving Waters.”  ACS ES&T Water 1 (6):1420-1428. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00017.

Wesch, Charlotte, Anna Maria Elert, Manuel Wörner, Ulrike Braun, Roland Klein, and Martin Paulus. 2017. Assuring quality in microplastic monitoring: About the value of clean-air devices as essentials for verified data. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 5424. Accessed 2017/07//. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05838-4.

WHO. 2019. “Microplastics in drinking-water. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.” Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1243269/retrieve.

Wiesinger, Helene, Zhanyun Wang, and Stefanie Hellweg. 2021. “Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (13):9339-9351. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00976.

Wiesmayer, Petra. 2021. “This is how much microplastics pollute agricultural soils.” Innovation Origins, accessed 7 June, 2022. https://innovationorigins.com/en/this-is-how-much-microplastics-pollute-agricultural-soils/.

Williams, A. T., and S. L. Simmons. 1996. “The degradation of plastic litter in rivers: Implications for beaches.”  Journal of Coastal Conservation 2 (1):63-72. doi: 10.1007/BF02743038.

Windsor, Fredric M., Rosie M. Tilley, Charles R. Tyler, and Steve J. Ormerod. 2019. “Microplastic ingestion by riverine macroinvertebrates.”  Science of The Total Environment 646:68-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.271.

Wong, Kaufui V., and Aldo Hernandez. 2012. “A Review of Additive Manufacturing.”  ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2012:208760. doi: 10.5402/2012/208760.

Wong, N.H., C.S. Chai, J.A. Bamgbade, G.F. Ma, and G.W. Hii. 2021. “Detection of Microplastics in Bottled Water.”  Materials Science Forum 1030 May 2021:169-176. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1030.169.

Woodall, Lucy C., Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Miquel Canals, Gordon L.J. Paterson, Rachel Coppock, Victoria Sleight, Antonio Calafat, Alex D. Rogers, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy, and Richard C. Thompson. 2014. “The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris.”  Royal Society Open Science 1 (4):140317. doi: doi:10.1098/rsos.140317.

Wright, Stephanie L., Todd Gouin, Albert A. Koelmans, and Lisa Scheuermann. 2021. “Development of screening criteria for microplastic particles in air and atmospheric deposition: critical review and applicability towards assessing human exposure.”  Microplastics and Nanoplastics 1 (1):6. doi: 10.1186/s43591-021-00006-y.

Wright, Stephanie L., and Frank J. Kelly. 2017. “Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?”  Environmental Science & Technology 51 (12):6634-6647. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00423.

Wright, Stephanie L., Richard C. Thompson, and Tamara S. Galloway. 2013. “The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review.”  Environmental Pollution 178:483-492. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031.

Xu, Guanghui, Yang Yang, and Yong Yu. 2021. “Size effects of polystyrene microplastics on the accumulation and toxicity of (semi-)metals in earthworms.”  Environmental Pollution 291:118194. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118194.

Xu, Guanghui, and Yong Yu. 2021. “Polystyrene microplastics impact the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in earthworms by size-dependent toxic effects.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 416:125847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125847.

Xu, Li, Lihua Han, Jing Li, Hao Zhang, Kevin Jones, and Elvis Genbo Xu. 2022. “Missing relationship between meso- and microplastics in adjacent soils and sediments.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 424:127234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127234.

Xu, Yanghui, Qin Ou, Meng Jiao, Gang Liu, and Jan Peter Van Der Hoek. 2022. “Identification and Quantification of Nanoplastics in Surface Water and Groundwater by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.”  Environmental Science & Technology 56 (8):4988-4997. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07377.

Yan, Zehua, Yafei Liu, Ting Zhang, Faming Zhang, Hongqiang Ren, and Yan Zhang. 2022. “Analysis of Microplastics in Human Feces Reveals a Correlation between Fecal Microplastics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Status.”  Environmental Science & Technology 56 (1):414-421. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03924.

Yang, Dongqi, Huahong Shi, Lan Li, Jiana Li, Khalida Jabeen, and Prabhu Kolandhasamy. 2015. “Microplastic Pollution in Table Salts from China.”  Environmental Science & Technology 49 (22):13622-13627. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03163.

Yang, Libiao, Kuixiao Li, Song Cui, Yu Kang, Lihui An, and Kun Lei. 2019. “Removal of microplastics in municipal sewage from China’s largest water reclamation plant.”  Water Research 155:175-181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.046.

Yang, Yu, Jun Yang, Wei-Min Wu, Jiao Zhao, Yiling Song, Longcheng Gao, Ruifu Yang, and Lei Jiang. 2015. “Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 2. Role of Gut Microorganisms.”  Environmental Science & Technology 49 (20):12087-12093. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02663.

Yang, Yuyi, Wenzhi Liu, Zulin Zhang, Hans-Peter Grossart, and Geoffrey Michael Gadd. 2020. “Microplastics provide new microbial niches in aquatic environments.”  Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104 (15):6501-6511. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10704-x.

Yang, Zhan, Fan Lü, Hua Zhang, Wei Wang, Liming Shao, Jianfeng Ye, and Pinjing He. 2021. “Is incineration the terminator of plastics and microplastics?”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 401:123429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123429.

Yao, Weimin, Di Di, Zhenfeng Wang, Zhonglu Liao, Hong Huang, Kun Mei, Randy A. Dahlgren, Minghua Zhang, and Xu Shang. 2019. “Micro- and macroplastic accumulation in a newly formed Spartina alterniflora colonized estuarine saltmarsh in southeast China.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 149:110636. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110636.

Yee, Maxine S.-L., Ling-Wei Hii, Chin K. Looi, Wei-Meng  Lim, Shew-Fung Wong, Yih-Yih  Kok, Boon-Keat  Tan, Chiew-Yen  Wong, and Chee-Onn  Leong. 2021. “Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health.”  Nanomaterials 11 (2):496. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020496.

Yong, Cheryl Qian Ying, Suresh Valiyaveettil, and Bor Luen Tang. 2020. “Toxicity of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Mammalian Systems.”  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (5):1509.

Yonkos, Lance T., Elizabeth A. Friedel, Ana C. Perez-Reyes, Sutapa Ghosal, and Courtney D. Arthur. 2014. “Microplastics in Four Estuarine Rivers in the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A.”  Environmental Science & Technology 48 (24):14195-14202. doi: 10.1021/es5036317.

Yoshida, S., K. Hiraga, T. Takehana, I. Taniguchi, H. Yamaji, Y. Maeda, K. Toyohara, K. Miyamoto, Y. Kimura, and K. Oda. 2016. “A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate).”  Science 351 (6278):1196-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6359.

Youngblood, Kathryn, Sheridan Finder, and Jenna R. Jambeck. 2021. “Mississippi River Plastic Pollution Initiative 2021 Science Report.” University of Georgia, Athens, GA: United Nations Environment Programme, Jambeck Research Group. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/mississippi-river-plastic-pollution-initiative-2021-science-report.

Yuan, Chuqiao, Husein Almuhtaram, Michael J. McKie, and Robert C. Andrews. 2022. “Assessment of microplastic sampling and extraction methods for drinking waters.”  Chemosphere 286:131881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131881.

Zalasiewicz, Jan, Colin N. Waters, Juliana A. Ivar do Sul, Patricia L. Corcoran, Anthony D. Barnosky, Alejandro Cearreta, Matt Edgeworth, Agnieszka Gałuszka, Catherine Jeandel, Reinhold Leinfelder, J. R. McNeill, Will Steffen, Colin Summerhayes, Michael Wagreich, Mark Williams, Alexander P. Wolfe, and Yasmin Yonan. 2016. “The geological cycle of plastics and their use as a stratigraphic indicator of the Anthropocene.”  Anthropocene 13:4-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.002.

Zambrano, Marielis C., Joel J. Pawlak, Jesse Daystar, Mary Ankeny, Jay J. Cheng, and Richard A. Venditti. 2019. “Microfibers generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic biodegradation.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 142:394-407. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.062.

Zarfl, Christiane, and Michael Matthies. 2010. “Are marine plastic particles transport vectors for organic pollutants to the Arctic?”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 60 (10):1810-1814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.026.

Zarus, Gregory M., Custodio Muianga, Candis M. Hunter, and R. Steven Pappas. 2021. “A review of data for quantifying human exposures to micro and nanoplastics and potential health risks.”  Science of The Total Environment 756:144010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144010.

Zhang, G. S., and Y. F. Liu. 2018. “The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China.”  Science of The Total Environment 642:12-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.004.

Zhang, G. S., F. X. Zhang, and X. T. Li. 2019. “Effects of polyester microfibers on soil physical properties: Perception from a field and a pot experiment.”  Science of The Total Environment 670:1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.149.

Zhang, Junjie, Lei Wang, and Kurunthachalam Kannan. 2020. “Microplastics in house dust from 12 countries and associated human exposure.”  Environment International 134:105314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105314.

Zhang, Junjie, Lei Wang, Leonardo Trasande, and Kurunthachalam Kannan. 2021. “Occurrence of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate Microplastics in Infant and Adult Feces.”  Environmental Science & Technology Letters 8 (11):989-994. doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00559.

Zhang, Kai, Xianchuan Chen, Xiong Xiong, Yuefei Ruan, Hane Zhou, Chenxi Wu, and Paul K. S. Lam. 2019. “The hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir: Source or sink of microplastics in the water?”  Environmental Pollution 248:279-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.043.

Zhang, Kai, Amir Hossein Hamidian, Aleksandra Tubić, Yu Zhang, James K. H. Fang, Chenxi Wu, and Paul K. S. Lam. 2021. “Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review.”  Environmental Pollution 274:116554. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116554.

Zhang, Kai, Jing Su, Xiong Xiong, Xiang Wu, Chenxi Wu, and Jiantong Liu. 2016. “Microplastic pollution of lakeshore sediments from remote lakes in Tibet plateau, China.”  Environmental Pollution 219:450-455. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.048.

Zhang, Qian-Qian, Zhao-Rong Ma, Ya-Ya Cai, Hui-Ru Li, and Guang-Guo Ying. 2021. “Agricultural Plastic Pollution in China: Generation of Plastic Debris and Emission of Phthalic Acid Esters from Agricultural Films.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (18):12459-12470. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04369.

Zhang, Qun, Elvis Genbo Xu, Jiana Li, Qiqing Chen, Liping Ma, Eddy Y. Zeng, and Huahong Shi. 2020. “A Review of Microplastics in Table Salt, Drinking Water, and Air: Direct Human Exposure.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (7):3740-3751. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04535.

Zhang, Qun, Yaping Zhao, Fangni Du, Huiwen Cai, Gehui Wang, and Huahong Shi. 2020. “Microplastic Fallout in Different Indoor Environments.”  Environmental Science & Technology 54 (11):6530-6539. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00087.

Zhang, Yulan, Tanguang Gao, Shichang Kang, and Mika Sillanpää. 2019. “Importance of atmospheric transport for microplastics deposited in remote areas.”  Environmental Pollution 254:112953. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.121.

Zhang, Yulan, Shichang Kang, Steve Allen, Deonie Allen, Tanguang Gao, and Mika Sillanpää. 2020. “Atmospheric microplastics: A review on current status and perspectives.”  Earth-Science Reviews 203:103118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103118.

Zhou, Chuanbin, Wenjun Fang, Wanying Xu, Aixin Cao, and Rusong Wang. 2014. “Characteristics and the recovery potential of plastic wastes obtained from landfill mining.”  Journal of Cleaner Production 80:80-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.083.

Zhou, Qian, Haibo Zhang, Chuancheng Fu, Yang Zhou, Zhenfei Dai, Yuan Li, Chen Tu, and Yongming Luo. 2018. “The distribution and morphology of microplastics in coastal soils adjacent to the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.”  Geoderma 322:201-208. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.015.

Zhou, Weilie, Robert Apkarian, Zhong Lin Wang, and David Joy. 2006. “Fundamentals of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).” In Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology: Techniques and Applications, edited by Weilie Zhou and Zhong Lin Wang, 1-40. New York, NY: Springer New York. 10.1007/978-0-387-39620-0_1

Zhu, Jianqiang, Xingqing Zhang, Kaizhen Liao, Pengfei Wu, and Hangbiao Jin. 2022. “Microplastics in dust from different indoor environments.”  Science of The Total Environment 833:155256. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155256.

Zhu, Xia, Keenan Munno, Jelena Grbic, Larissa Meghan Werbowski, Jacqueline Bikker, Annissa Ho, Edie Guo, Meg Sedlak, Rebecca Sutton, Carolynn Box, Diana Lin, Alicia Gilbreath, Rusty C. Holleman, Marie-Josée Fortin, and Chelsea Rochman. 2021. “Holistic Assessment of Microplastics and Other Anthropogenic Microdebris in an Urban Bay Sheds Light on Their Sources and Fate.”  ACS ES&T Water 1 (6):1401-1410. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00292.

Zhu, Xuan, Wei Huang, Mingzhu Fang, Zhonglu Liao, Yiqing Wang, Lisha Xu, Qianqian Mu, Chenwei Shi, Changjie Lu, Huanhuan Deng, Randy Dahlgren, and Xu Shang. 2021. “Airborne Microplastic Concentrations in Five Megacities of Northern and Southeast China.”  Environmental Science & Technology 55 (19):12871-12881. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03618.

Zhuo, Qiongfang, Meiqing Luo, Qingwei Guo, Gang Yu, Shubo Deng, Zhencheng Xu, Bo Yang, and Xiaoliang Liang. 2016. “Electrochemical Oxidation of Environmentally Persistent Perfluorooctane Sulfonate by a Novel Lead Dioxide Anode.”  Electrochimica Acta 213:358-367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.005.

Ziajahromi, S., P. A. Neale, L. Rintoul, and F. D. Leusch. 2017. “Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: Development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics.”  Water Res 112:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.042.

Zimmermann, Lisa, Andrea Dombrowski, Carolin Völker, and Martin Wagner. 2020. “Are bioplastics and plant-based materials safer than conventional plastics? In vitro toxicity and chemical composition.”  Environment International 145:106066. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106066.

Zubris, Kimberly Ann V., and Brian K. Richards. 2005. “Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge.”  Environmental Pollution 138 (2):201-211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.013.

ASTM. 2020. “Standard practice for collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids for identification and quantification of microplastic particles and fibers. ASTM D8332-20.” ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/d8332-20.html.

Bessa, Filipa, João Frias, Tanja Kögel, Amy Lusher, Jose Andrade, Joana Antunes, Paula Sobral, Elena Pagter, Roisin Nash, Ian O’Connor, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Emmanuelle Keros, Víctor León, Valentina Tirelli, Giuseppe Suaria, Clara Lopes, Joana Raimundo, Miguel Caetano, J. Gago, and Gunnar Gerdts. 2019. “Harmonized Protocol for Monitoring Microplastics in Biota.” In. https://doi.10.13140/RG.2.2.28588.72321/1.

Brander, Susanne M., Violet C. Renick, Melissa M. Foley, Clare Steele, Mary Woo, Amy Lusher, Steve Carr, Paul Helm, Carolynn Box, Sam Cherniak, Robert C. Andrews, and Chelsea M. Rochman. 2020. “Sampling and Quality Assurance and Quality Control: A Guide for Scientists Investigating the Occurrence of Microplastics Across Matrices.”  Applied Spectroscopy 74 (9):1099-1125. doi: 10.1177/0003702820945713.

Coffin, Scott. 2022. “Assessing and Managing Risks of Microplastics in Ecosystems and Drinking Water.” Spring Conference 2022.

Dyachenko, A., J. Mitchell, and N. Arsem. 2017. “Extraction and identification of microplastic particles from secondary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent.”  Analytical Methods 9 (9):1412-1418. doi: 10.1039/C6AY02397E.

Eriksen, Marcus, Sherri Mason, Stiv Wilson, Carolyn Box, Ann Zellers, William Edwards, Hannah Farley, and Stephen Amato. 2013. “Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 77 (1):177-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.007.

Free, C. M., O. P. Jensen, S. A. Mason, M. Eriksen, N. J. Williamson, and B. Boldgiv. 2014. “High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake.”  Mar Pollut Bull 85 (1):156-63. doi: https://10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.001.

Glaser, John. 2020. “The importance of biofilms to the fate and effects of microplastics” in bacterial biofilms.” In Bacterial Biofilms, edited by Sadik Dincer, Melis Özdenefe and Afet Arkut. London: IntechOpen. 10.5772/intechopen.92816

Kirstein, Inga V., Fides Hensel, Alessio Gomiero, Lucian Iordachescu, Alvise Vianello, Hans B. Wittgren, and Jes Vollertsen. 2021. “Drinking plastics? – Quantification and qualification of microplastics in drinking water distribution systems by µFTIR and Py-GCMS.”  Water Research 188:116519. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116519.

Lenaker, Peter L., Austin K. Baldwin, Steven R. Corsi, Sherri A. Mason, Paul C. Reneau, and John W. Scott. 2019. “Vertical Distribution of Microplastics in the Water Column and Surficial Sediment from the Milwaukee River Basin to Lake Michigan.”  Environmental Science & Technology 53 (21):12227-12237. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03850.

Leslie, H. A., S. H. Brandsma, M. J. van Velzen, and A. D. Vethaak. 2017. “Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota.”  Environmental International 101:133-142. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.018.

Liao, Zhonglu, Xiaoliang Ji, Yuan Ma, Baoqiang Lv, Wei Huang, Xuan Zhu, Mingzhu Fang, Qi Wang, Xuedong Wang, Randy Dahlgren, and Xu Shang. 2021. “Airborne microplastics in indoor and outdoor environments of a coastal city in Eastern China.”  Journal of Hazardous Materials 417:126007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126007.

Lusher, A. L., N. A. Welden, P. Sobral, and M. Cole. 2017. “Sampling, isolating and identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates.”  Analytical Methods 9 (9):1346-1360. doi: 10.1039/C6AY02415G.

Magni, S., A. Binelli, L. Pittura, C. G. Avio, C. Della Torre, C. C. Parenti, S. Gorbi, and F. Regoli. 2019. “The fate of microplastics in an Italian Wastewater Treatment Plant.”  Sci Total Environ 652:602-610. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.269.

Mason, S. A., D. Garneau, R. Sutton, Y. Chu, K. Ehmann, J. Barnes, P. Fink, D. Papazissimos, and D. L. Rogers. 2016. “Microplastic pollution is widely detected in US municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent.”  Environ Pollut 218:1045-1054. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.056.

Murphy, Fionn, Ciaran Ewins, Frederic Carbonnier, and Brian Quinn. 2016. “Wastewater Treatment Works (WwTW) as a Source of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment.”  Environmental Science & Technology 50 (11):5800-5808. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05416.

Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 2022. “Tools: Portable Catamaran Drone (PCD).” Plastiverse. https://www.plastiverse.org/tools/portable-catamaran-drone.

Okoffo, Elvis D., Stacey O’Brien, Jake W. O’Brien, Benjamin J. Tscharke, and Kevin V. Thomas. 2019. “Wastewater treatment plants as a source of plastics in the environment: a review of occurrence, methods for identification, quantification and fate.”  Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5 (11):1908-1931. doi: 10.1039/C9EW00428A.

Oliveri Conti, Gea, Margherita Ferrante, Mohamed Banni, Claudia Favara, Ilenia Nicolosi, Antonio Cristaldi, Maria Fiore, and Pietro Zuccarello. 2020. “Micro- and nano-plastics in edible fruit and vegetables. The first diet risks assessment for the general population.”  Environmental Research 187:109677. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677.

Parker, Brittney W., Barbara A. Beckingham, Brianna C. Ingram, Joseph C. Ballenger, John E. Weinstein, and Gorka Sancho. 2020. “Microplastic and tire wear particle occurrence in fishes from an urban estuary: Influence of feeding characteristics on exposure risk.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 160:111539. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111539.

Parrish, Kathleen, and N. L. Fahrenfeld. 2019. “Microplastic biofilm in fresh- and wastewater as a function of microparticle type and size class.”  Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 5 (3):495-505. doi: 10.1039/C8EW00712H.

Pivokonsky, M., L. Cermakova, K. Novotna, P. Peer, T. Cajthaml, and V. Janda. 2018. “Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water.”  Science of the Total Environment 643:1644-1651. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102.

Pivokonský, Martin, Lenka Pivokonská, Kateřina Novotná, Lenka Čermáková, and Martina Klimtová. 2020. “Occurrence and fate of microplastics at two different drinking water treatment plants within a river catchment.”  Science of The Total Environment 741:140236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140236.

Sutton, Rebecca, Sherri A. Mason, Shavonne K. Stanek, Ellen Willis-Norton, Ian F. Wren, and Carolynn Box. 2016. “Microplastic contamination in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA.”  Marine Pollution Bulletin 109 (1):230-235. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.077.

Tagg, Alexander S., Melanie Sapp, Jesse P. Harrison, and Jesús J. Ojeda. 2015. “Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Wastewater Using Focal Plane Array-Based Reflectance Micro-FT-IR Imaging.”  Analytical Chemistry 87 (12):6032-6040. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00495.

Velimirovic, Milica, Kristof Tirez, Sandra Verstraelen, Evelien Frijns, Sylvie Remy, Gudrun Koppen, Anna Rotander, Eduardo Bolea-Fernandez, and Frank Vanhaecke. 2021. “Mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of indoor airborne microplastics and nanoplastics.”  Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 36 (4):695-705. doi: 10.1039/D1JA00036E.

Wang, Zhifeng, Tao Lin, and Wei Chen. 2020. “Occurrence and removal of microplastics in an advanced drinking water treatment plant (ADWTP).”  Science of The Total Environment 700:134520. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134520.

Wright, Stephanie L, Jesper Ulke, Andrés Fullana Font, K.L.A. Chan, and Frank J. Kelly. 2020. “Atmospheric microplastic deposition in an urban environment and an evaluation of transport.”  Environment International 136:105411-105411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105411.

Yuan, Chuqiao, Husein Almuhtaram, Michael J. McKie, and Robert C. Andrews. 2022. “Assessment of microplastic sampling and extraction methods for drinking waters.”  Chemosphere 286:131881. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131881.

Ziajahromi, S., P. A. Neale, L. Rintoul, and F. D. Leusch. 2017. “Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: Development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics.”  Water Res 112:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.042.