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Microplastics

Introduction
1. Introduction
1.1 What Are Microplastics?
1.2 History of Plastics
1.3 The Making of Plastics
1.4 Plastics Naming Conventions
1.5 Why Do We Care About Microplastics?
1.6 Distribution of Microplastics in the Environment
1.7 Fate and Transport of Microplastics
1.8 Environmental Justice and Microplastics
1.9 Acknowledgment of the Evolving State of the Science
Environmental distribution, fate, and transport
2. Environmental distribution, fate, and transport
2.1 Primary vs. Secondary MP
2.2 Point and Nonpoint Sources
2.3 MP in the Fluvial Environment
2.4 MP in Soil
2.5 MP in Sediment
2.6 MP in Air
2.7 MP in Urban Litter
2.8 Prevalence of MP in Biota
2.9 Degradation
Sampling and analysis
3. Sampling and analysis
3.1 Sample Collection Considerations—MP
3.2 General Quality Assurance/Quality Control
3.3 Special Considerations for NP
3.4 Sample Collection Methods by Matrix
Microplastics Sampling Method Selection Tool
3.5 Sample Preservation
3.6 Sample Preparation
3.7 Analysis and Identification
Human Health and Ecological Effects
4. Human Health and Ecological Effects
4.1 Chemical Properties
4.2 Physical Properties
4.3 Microplastics as Vectors
4.4 Trophic Transfer
4.5 Human Health
4.6 Ecological
4.7 Risk Assessment Methodologies
Regulatory Context
5. Regulatory Context
5.1 State Survey
5.2 Overview of Legislation and Regulatory Programs
Mitigation and Abatement
6. Mitigation and Abatement
6.1 Prevention/Mitigation Strategies
6.2 Abatement/Treatment
Data Gaps and Future Research Needs
7. Data Gaps and Future Research Needs
7.1 Fate and Transport Data Gaps
7.2 Future Research Needs for Sampling and Analyzing MP
7.3 Data Gaps in Evaluation of Potential Health Risks
7.4 Data Gaps in Evaluation of Trophic Transfer
7.5 Data Gaps on Ecological Exposures and Effects
7.6 Future Research Needs for Mitigating, Abating, and Managing MP
References
Appendix A. Microplastics Case Studies
Appendix B. Microplastics State Survey
Appendix C. Laws and Regulations Related to Microplastics
Appendix D. Team Contacts
Appendix E. Glossary
Appendix F. Acronyms
Acknowledgments
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Appendix C

Laws and Regulations Related to Microplastics

This Excel file includes information about states, U.S. federal programs, and some international programs for the regulation of MP. The table includes:

Legislation: Those laws or executive orders that have been signed into law. Draft bills are not included.

Programs: Regulatory programs dealing with MP, including recycling of plastic productions, reducing use of plastics, etc.

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